| 释义 |
▪ I. scutch, n.1 Now chiefly dial.|skʌtʃ|
[f. scutch v.]
A stroke with a stick or whip.
1611Cotgr., Fessée, a scutch on the breech, a lash on the buttocks. Ibid., Singlet, a scutch,..or ierke with a rod, &c.
▪ II. scutch, n.2|skʌtʃ|
Also 8 skutch, 9 scotch.
[a. OF. escouche (15th c.; mod.F. écouche).
The remarkable correspondence of the OF. word with the mod.Norw. synonym skoka suggests that it may be of Scandinavian origin. By Hatz.-Darm., however, it is regarded as f. *escoucher, escousser to scutch, thrash, and this is identified with escousser to shake:—pop.L. *excussāre (cf. excuss v.).]
1. = scutcher.
c1791Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VII. 291/2 Common flax; which from the skutch proceeds to the heckle. 1836L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. I. 510 Arms to which are attached scotches revolving within a cylindrical casing. 1845Encycl. Metropol. VIII. 702/2 An instrument somewhat resembling a curry-comb, and called a hand-scutch. 1891Century Dict. s.v. Scutcher, The fluted rollers b, b′, which seize it and present it to the scutches or beaters, c.
2. ‘One of the pieces of wood which in a thrashing mill beats out the grain’ (Jam.). Cf. scutcher.
1805R. Somerville Agric. E. Lothian 77 The purpose of separating the grain from the straw might be accomplished..by skutches acting upon the sheaves by their velocity, and beating out the grain.
▪ III. scutch, n.3 dial.|skʌtʃ|
[Var. of squitch, altered form of quitch n.1]
1. = quitch n.1 Chiefly in Comb. scutch-grass in the same sense.
1685Phil. Trans. XV. 957 It has turned the Bog into a green sod, with a very fine scutch grass on it. 1763Museum Rust. I. lxx. 307 It is only fit for wet, or bog lands, growing from every joint, like the scutch, or couch grass. 1785J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 105 What he could not lay down properly, he suffered nature to lay down for him with scutch grass, thistles and docks. a1889‘Cuthbert Bede’ (Webster 1897), The smoke of the burning scutch.
2. a. dial. Rubbish (see Eng. Dial. Dict.). b. Glue-making. (See quot.)
1883R. Haldane Workshop Rec. Ser. ii. 301/2 The matter left in the pans after boiling is termed ‘scutch’.
▪ IV. scutch, n.4 Building.|skʌtʃ|
Also 20 scotch.
[f. *scutch v.3]
A cutting tool resembling a two-ended adze or pick, used for roughly dressing the cut surface of a brick or stone, and also for cutting bricks.
1885R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester 304 Scutch,..a bricklayer's hammer with two faces for cutting bricks. 1910Encycl. Brit. IV. 521/2 After the bolster and club hammer have removed the portion of the brick, the scutch, really a small axe, is used to hack off the rough parts. 1936Archit. Rev. LXXIX. 240/4 (caption) The brick-saw with its entwined strands of wire, used for cutting the soffit lines to allow the scutch or brick-axe..to enter without splitting the brick. 1975C. M. Harris Dict. Archit. 430/1 Scutch, scotch, a bricklayer's tool, with a cutting edge on each side, for cutting, trimming, and dressing brick or stone.
▪ V. scutch, v.1 Now chiefly dial.|skʌtʃ|
Also 8–9 skutch.
[Of somewhat uncertain etymology.
Commonly assumed to be a transferred use of scutch v.2, which, though later in our quots., must from its etymology have existed at least from the 15th c. This is not impossible (cf. thrash), but more probably the present verb is an independent onomatopœic formation: cf. scotch vb.]
trans. To strike with a stick or whip, to slash, switch. Also intr. to strike at.
1611Cotgr., Singler,..also, to switch,.. scutch, or scourge with a rod. 1643Z. Boyd Battle Newburn (1853) 12 The Scots them scutcht both upon back and shoulder. 1652Brome City Wit i. i. A 6, What Scold hath scutch'd thy skonce? 1746J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Misc. Wks. (1775) 57 Shou'd they naw be..scutcht with' seme Rod wi'ther Clarks? 1829J. Hunter Hallamsh. Gloss., Scutch, to strike with a thin switch, which is often done to snakes by cruel boys. 1867Brierley Daisy Nook Sk. 53 He skutcht at him wi' his whip. 1886C. Scott Sheep-farming 204 The master should always give his orders in an even, calm voice, devoid of passion, so that the dog cannot tell from his tone whether he is to be scutched or not.
▪ VI. scutch, v.2|skʌtʃ|
Also skutch.
[a. OF. *escoucher, escousser: see scutch n.2]
1. trans. To dress (fibrous material, flax, hemp, cotton, silk, wool) by beating.
1733[see scutching vbl. n.2]. 1763in Scottish Forfeited Estates Papers (S.H.S. 1909) 225 A person skilled in raising, breaking, scutching and heckling of lint. 1812Scott Fam. Lett. 23 Jan. (1894) I. 242 A heckle is the many-toothed implement with which hemp is broken and scutched. 1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. v. 159 When the heads of flax are ready for working, they are ‘scutched’ out at the ends. 1880O. Crawfurd Portugal, Old & New 194 Some portion of the flax..is broken and skutched by hand. 1884Spectator 26 Apr. 548 Wool must be scutched to be worn.
absol.1808Ann. Reg., Charac. 101 To try whether any improvement can be made in the mode of skutching. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 345 Indeed, each machine not only beats, scutches, but blows.
2. Tanning. (See quot.)
1688Holme Armoury iii. 86/1 Scutching the Bark is, cleansing it from Moss, and the rough crusty outward Bark.
3. To strike the grain from (ears of corn). Cf. scutcher2 2.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 271 The feeder-in supplies the mill in small quantities with the stick, so as the roughs may have time to be thoroughly scutched by the drum.
4. Comb.: scutch-mill, -rake (see quot. 1858).
1852Act 15 & 16 Vict. c. 34 For the Erection of Buildings suitable to Scutch Mills for Flax in Ireland. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Scutch-mill, a mill for preparing flax. Scutch-rake, a flax dresser's implement.
Hence scutched ppl. a.
1853Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 785 A holder, containing a strick of scutched flax.
▪ VII. scutch, v.3 dial. and techn.|skʌtʃ|
Also 9– scotch.
[App. Sc. var. of scotch v.1 (Sc. Nat. Dict.), but cf. scutch v.1,2.]
trans. In various dial. uses (orig. Sc.: now also U.S.): to smooth or trim the surface of (a stone, hedge, log, etc.) with a slashing or slicing motion; spec. in Building, to dress (stone, or the cut surface of a brick) with a scutch (*scutch n.4).
1848A. Somerville Autobiogr. Working Man xii. 144 Each hewer had a labourer allotted to him to do the rougher work upon the stone with a short pick, technically to ‘scutch’ it. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Scotch,..specifically to dress, as stone, with a pick or picking-tool. 1907W. M. Cockrum Pioneer Hist. Indiana viii. 186 The first thing to do was to cut three large logs the length the building was wanted and scutch one side and lay them so they were level, on a range with each other.
Hence scutched ppl. a.; ˈscutching vbl. n.
1861N. & Q. XI. 116 The bark of these trees [sc. hollies] was exactly the ‘raw material’ of his..manufacture. Forthwith he removed to Sawry..where..I found the..neighbours ready to point out ‘the old scutching-house’, as they called it. 1866Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. I. 23 For several years past more attention has been paid to the regular and proper scutching of the hedges. 1890Cent. Dict., Scotching, in masonry, a method of dressing stone either with a pick or with pick-shaped chisels inserted into a socket formed in the head of a hammer. Also scutching. 1893J. P. Allen Pract. Building Construction v. 70 Scutched work is similar to the last [sc. hammer-dressed work], but more finely executed. 1975C. M. Harris Dict. Archit. 430/1 Scutching, a method of finely dressing stone with a hammer, the head of which is composed of a bundle of steel points. |