| 释义 |
▪ I. sea-coal|ˈsiːkəʊl|
[coal n.1]
†1. In Old English: Jet. Obs.
In early times jet was chiefly found washed ashore by the sea.
c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 416/2 Gagates, sæcol.
2. a. A name for mineral coal (‘coal’ in the ordinary modern sense) as distinguished from charcoal. Now only Hist.
Commonly explained as meaning ‘coal brought by sea’. But carbo maris occurs in the Newminster Cartulary (Northumberland) c 1236 (see quot. in coal n.1 5 a); and in 1306 a Glamorganshire document (Inquis. Post Mortem, Ioan. de Clare, 35 Edw. I) speaks of ‘unus puteus in quo fodiuntur carbones maris’. Unless we suppose that the documents were written by Londoners, or (what is very unlikely) that the London term had been adopted in the coal-producing regions themselves, these early examples appear to point to some different explanation. Possibly in early times the chief source of coal supply may have been the beds exposed by marine denudation on the coasts of Northumberland and South Wales. Cf. quot. a 1552. The name of Seacoal lane, London (Secollane), occurs 1339 in Riley Mem. Lond. 207.
c1253[see coal n.1 5 a]. 1282[see seacoal-pit in 3]. 1371in York Minster Fabric Rolls (Surtees) 9 Et in ij schaldres de secole emptis pro eodem, 10s. 1429Rolls of Parlt. IV. 359/2 Under wodde..seecole, and in oþer manere. a1552Leland Itin. (1769) VIII. 19 The vaynes of the se-coles by sometyme upon clives of the se, as round about Coket Island. 1635[Glapthorne] Lady Mother i. ii. in Bullen Old Pl. (1883) II. 112 The wholesome smell of seacole. 1645–52Boate Ireland's Nat. Hist. (1860) 101 The inhabitants..want wood for firing (being therefore constrained to make shift with turf, or sea-coal, where they are not too far from the sea). 1663Dudley (title) Metallum Martis: or Iron made with Pit-coale, Sea-coale, &c. 1673Shadwell Epsom Wells i. Wks. 1720 II. 194 You'll never leave that place of sin and sea⁓coal. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 7) II. 151 The City of London, and Parts adjacent, as also all the South of England, are supplied with Coals, called therefore Sea-coal, from Newcastle upon Tyne, and from the Coast of Durham and Northumberland. 1818Scott Rob Roy x, The rusty grate, seldom gladdened by either sea-coal or fagots.
b. U.S. rare. ‘Soft coal as distinguished from anthracite’ (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895).
3. attrib., as sea-coal ashes, sea-coal fire, † sea-coal-meter, † sea-coal pit, † sea-coal prong, sea-coal soot; sea-coal room, a room with a sea-coal fire.
1699Evelyn Kal. Hort. May (ed. 9) 64 Sift a little Lime discreetly with it, or rather *Sea-coal Ashes.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 95 Sitting..by a *sea-cole fire. 1817Byron Beppo xlviii, I like a seacoal fire, when not too dear.
1668Act for Preventing Fires, etc. 6 The *Seacole-meters.
1282Dean Forest Survey, Item una trenchea incipiens apud *Secole puttes. 1629Leather 7 Our Sea-coale Pits being able..to furnish the whole Iland.
1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 1063 Whachum his *Sea-coal-Prong threw by, And basely turn'd his back to flie.
1719D'Urfey Pills V. 84 We'll sit close and snug in a *Sea-coal Room.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 121 Soot is very good for Corn and Grass, but *Sea-coal Soot is the best by much.
▪ II. sea-coal
obs. f. sea-cole (see sea n. 23 f). |