| 释义 |
▪ I. byname, by-name, n.|ˈbaɪneɪm|
Also 9 bye-name.
[f. by- 5 + name.]
1. A name other than the principal or main one; a subsidiary name or appellation; esp. a cognomen or surname; a sobriquet.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. ix. 84 Suffisaunce, power, noblesse, reuerence, and gladnesse ben only dyuerse bynames [of happiness], but hir substance haþ no diuersite. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 644 Lions-heart, is..the by-name of K. Richard. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. ii. §52 Some of these by-names..remained many years after to them, and theirs; amongst which Plantagenist was entailed on the Royal bloud of England. 1865Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lviii. 16 Eutropius..gives him the additional name of Crinitus, perhaps a by-name of his family.
2. A nickname given in sport or ridicule.
1580North Plutarch 975 Pleasant by-Names against Augustus, Livia, and their familiars, whereat every one of them laughed. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 212 A by-name geuen in sport..As, Tiberius the Emperor, because he was a great drinker of wine, they called him..Caldius Biberius Mero, in steade of Claudius Tiberius Nero. 1601Holland Pliny II. 504 Callimachus is the workeman of greatest note, in regard of a by-name giuen vnto him, and that was Cacizotechnos. 1705Hickeringill Priest-Cr ii. vii. 70 No By-names of Whig or Tory, Highflyers or Dissenters. 1862Earl Stanhope Pitt I. 67 Mr. Welbore Ellis..the butt of Junius, under the by-name of Grildrig.
▪ II. byname, v. ? Obs.|ˈbaɪneɪm|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To surname, to nickname.
1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 442 The Scots in like manner bynamed a parliament..and called the same a running parliament. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. 20 Edward, by-named (not of his colour, but of his dreaded acts in battle) the Black Prince. 1632Brome Novella Dram. Pers., Paulo, By-named Burgio. 1755in Johnson; and in mod. Dicts.
▪ III. byname, -nemme, -nom etc.:
see benim. |