| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈcalcine, a. Obs. rare—1.
[? ad. med.L. calcineus, or ? *calcinus, f. calx lime.]
Of lime.
1576Baker Gesner's Jewel of Health 206 a, An oyle will then issue, which shall be named the calcine oyle.
▪ II. calcine, v.|kælˈsaɪn, ˈkæl-|
Also 4 calcene, 4–5 calcyne.
[ad. med.L. calcināre, a term of the alchemists, ‘to burn like lime, to reduce to calx’.
Prob. the med.L. word arose in Italy, where calcīna ‘lime, quick-lime’, deriv. of It. calce, L. calcem, is cited by Du Cange in a Latin document of 1215; Florio has also calcinare to burn lime, ‘to burn minerals to correct the malignitie of them’. The accentuation ˈcalcening occurs in Chaucer; calˈcine is the pronunciation in Ben Jonson, and all the poets since; though some recent Dictionaries give ˈcalcine either as an alternative or sole pronunciation.]
1. To reduce to quick-lime, or to an analogous substance, by roasting or burning; ‘to burn in the fire to a calx or friable substance’ J.
By the alchemists and early chemists this was supposed to be to reduce a mineral or metal to its purest or most refined residuum by driving off or consuming all the more volatile and perishable constituents; in reality it yielded in most cases a metallic oxide, though sometimes only a finely comminuted or sublimed form of a metal, or a desiccated form of other substance.
c1386[see calcining vbl. n.]. c1460–70Bk. Quintessence 9 The science to brynge gold into calx..in þe corusible ȝe schal fynde þe gold calcyned and reducid into erþe. 1580R. Day (title) The Key of Philosophie..howe to prepare, Calcine, Sublime, and dissolue all manner of Mineralls. 1601Holland Pliny II. 599 Fire burneth and calcineth stone, whereof is made that mortar which bindeth all worke in masonry. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. iii. (1616) 624, I sent you of his feces there, calcin'd. Out of that calx, I ha' wonne the salt of Mercvry. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 199 Swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §50, I would gladly know how Moses with an actuall fire calcin'd, or burnt the Golden Calfe into powder. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 77 A little nitre thrown into the crucible, which effectually calcines the remaining regulus of antimony. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 318 Take some oysters-shells, calcine them, by keeping them in a good fire for about an hour. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Vall. iv. 57 Mr. Wallace explained how the ironstone, or mine as it is called, is calcined in the kilns. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Calcination, Copper and other ores are calcined, to drive off the sulphur, the sulphurets being oxidized and sulphuric acid being disengaged and volatilized.
b. To subject to a heat sufficient to desiccate thoroughly, destroy contained organisms, etc.
1880MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 105 Schröder and Dusch established that it was not necessary to calcine air.
c. fig. To purify or refine by consuming the grosser part.
1634Habington Castara (1870) 130 Yet you by a chaste Chimicke Art, Calcine fraile love to pietie. 1648Earl Westmorld. Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson streaks belace the Damaskt West, Calcin'd by night, rise pure Gold from the East. a1711Ken Prepar. Wks. 1721 IV. 159 Your Clay by the last Fire calcin'd, Shall to spiritual be refin'd.
2. gen. To burn to ashes, consume.
1641M. Frank Serm. (1672) 225 Though the general conflagration shall at last calcine these glorious structures into ashes. 1646J. Hall Poems 1 Harmlesse reams..Tobacco can Calcine them soon to dust. 1855Costello Stor. Screen 77 His body was found on the stone floor of his dormitory calcined to a cinder. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 214 Calcining the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
b. fig.
1633G. Herbert Temple, Easter i, As his death calcined thee to dust. c1650Denham Progr. Learning I. 157 Fiery disputes that union have calcined. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 19 There are souls in which the burning heat of some transfusing purpose calcines every other thought.
3. intr. To suffer calcination.
1704Newton Opticks (J.) This crystal is a pellucid fissile stone..enduring a red heat without losing its transparency, and, in a very strong heat, calcining without fusion. 1771Hamilton in Phil. Trans. LXI. 49 Its cone in many parts has been calcined, and is still calcining, by the hot vapours. 1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. vi. 226 The drawback of these stones [clunch and chalk] is..that under fire they calcine. |