| 释义 |
seismic, a.|ˈsaɪzmɪk|
[f. Gr. σεισµ-ός earthquake (f. σεί-ειν to shake) + -ic.
The normal form would be *sismic: cf. F. sismique.]
1. a. Pertaining to, relating to, characteristic of, connected with, or produced by an earthquake, earthquakes, or earth-vibration. Also, pertaining to or involving earth vibrations produced artificially by explosions. seismic survey, † (a) a survey of an area in connection with its liability to earthquakes; (b) a survey (for oil and gas) employing seismic methods.
1858Mallet in Rep. Brit. Assoc. i. 7 The period of the year at which seismic action appears to be greatest. Ibid. 18 Whether, as a seismic region, Northern Africa have a centre disturbance of its own [etc.]. 1877Rudler in Encycl. Brit. VII. 611/1 The depth of the seismic focus is easily determined. For since the waves radiate from this focus, any two wave-paths when produced backwards will meet at the seismic centre. 1887G. H. Darwin in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 267 Regions subject to earthquakes, or seismic areas. 1887Trans. Seismol. Soc Japan X. 36 The first method of avoiding earthquake motion in a given district is to make a seismic survey of that area. 1935Geol. Natural Gas (Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists) 664 Seismic surveys isolated a relatively small area with structural closure on the upthrown side of the fault. 1941Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXV. 1261 The unsolved problems in the field of seismic surveying require for their solution a more complete understanding of the properties of the earth strata. 1944A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xii. 206 Near the middle of the sheet the ice has been shown by seismic methods..to be over 8,000 feet thick. 1969Times 16 July 4/2 The scientific equipment bay where the seismic experiment and the laser rangefinding device are stowed. 1972Daily Tel. 1 May 2/7 Seismic studies show these areas could be almost as rich in oil and gas as the North Sea. 1979Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVII. 405/1 The first stage in oil and gas exploration is usually in the form of seismic surveys.
b. fig.
1962S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xii. 222 These bands of successor-states form so many seismic zones of preternatural military eruption. 1979A. Draper Fish 10 Churchill's seismic decision to empty the national coffers in one bold operation..was only taken when the Germans were hammering at the door.
2. Special collocations: seismic prospecting, prospecting by investigating the propagation in rock of artificially created elastic waves; seismic reflection, the reflection of elastic waves at boundaries between different rock formations; usu. attrib.; seismic refraction, the refraction of elastic waves on passing between formations of rock having different seismic velocities; usu. attrib.; seismic sea-wave = tsunami; seismic velocity, the velocity of propagation of elastic waves in a particular rock; seismic wave, an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or by artificial means.
1929Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining & Metall. Engineers LXXXI. 626 In seismic prospecting in general, fewer data are employed than in pure seismology. 1963C. A. Heiland Geophysical Exploration ix. 439 Uses of seismic prospecting in mining have been few.
1932Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining & Metall. Engineers XCVII. 469 A second application of the method of least squares is the outlining of a buried structure by seismic reflections. 1940Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXIV. 1391 The sequence of methods of examination..is likely to be that of reconnaisance geology, detailed geologic mapping,..and core-drilling or seismic reflection examination. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 29/2 In the search for oil-bearing strata, geophysicists make use of the seismic⁓reflection technique to the virtual exclusion of all other exploration methods.
1934Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining & Metall. Engineers CX. 473 (heading) Seismic refraction methods as applied to shallow overburdens. 1979Nature 3 May 56/2 In 1977 an 800-km long seismic refraction profile was shot across Iceland and along the south⁓eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge.
1905C. Davison Study of Recent Earthquakes vi. 163 (heading) Seismic sea⁓waves. 1944A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xvii. 362 Strong submarine earthquakes are followed by seismic sea waves. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XIV. 355/1 Explosions or collapses taking place under water may cause water waves, sometimes of great size. These fall within the class of tsunamis (seismic sea waves).
1935Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XIX. 1 The idea that the longitudinal seismic velocity of sediments increases with the age of the sediments has been held rather generally for some time. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 11/1 Observed seismic velocities..allow the variation of density with depth in the Earth to be determined.
1900H. Nagaoka Elastic Constants of Rocks & Velocity of Seismic Waves (Publ. Earthquake Investigation Comm. in Foreign Languages No. 4) 65 The investigation of the seismic waves affords the best means of feeling the pulse of the interior of the earth. 1925M. Mühlberg in I. A. Stigand Outl. Occurrence & Geol. of Petroleum 217 The transmissive velocity for seismic (as also acoustic) waves is different in various media. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XII. 147/1 Seismic waves from explosions and earthquakes occur in the frequency range from about 100 to 1/3000 cps.
So ˈseismical a., in the same sense; ˈseismically adv., with regard to earthquakes; by seismic methods.
1858Mallet in Rep. Brit. Assoc. i. 67 A third..volcanic region, of which I am not aware that anything is known seismically. 1869Spectator 6 Nov. 1291 Considerable atmospheric and seismical disturbance. 1904C. E. Dutton Earthquakes xiv. 245 note, This locality is certainly a seismically sensitive one to-day. 1905Athenæum 29 July 137/3 The cartography, geological, magnetical, seismical, &c., of Italy. 1941Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXV. 1258 The average depth to which the Gulf Coast has been seismically surveyed. 1978Nature 27 Apr. 791/2 The absence of a seismically detectable Tertiary-Quaternary sediment cover. |