| 释义 |
pylon Arch.|ˈpaɪlɒn|
[a. Gr. πυλών a gateway, f. πύλη gate.]
1. a. A gateway, a gate-tower; spec. in recent use, the monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple, usually formed by two truncated pyramidal towers connected by a lower architectural member containing the gate.
1850J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §220 (ed. 2) 217 The principal structures begin with a pylon, that is, pyramidal double towers or wings (Strabo's ptera) which flank the gateway. 1862Fairholt Up Nile (1863) 406 A square panel in the entry of the great pylon records the visit of the French General Desait and his myrmidons in 1799. 1893Budge Mummy 33 The names of the places conquered by Thothmes were inscribed..on some of the pylons at Karnak.
transf.1903Daily Chron. 20 May 4/1 At each end of the bridge [over the Thames at Vauxhall], according to the design, there were two ‘pylons’... The Bridges Committee recommended that these pylons should be omitted. 1930Morning Post 9 Aug. 11, 200 men have been employed excavating granite for the facing of the bridge piers and pylons. 1974Sci. Amer. Nov. 145/1 The Bayonne bridge lacks the huge pylons of Sydney Harbor, which contain the thrust visually as well as in Newtonian fact.
fig.1905W. Sanday Crit. Fourth Gosp. vi. 185 The pylon of the Fourth Gospel is of course the prologue.
b. attrib. and Comb., as pylon-shaped adj.
1890Rider Haggard & A. Lang World's Desire ii. i, There on the pylon brow stood..Hathor's self. 1904Budge Guide 3rd & 4th Egypt. Rooms Brit. Mus. 70 Head-rest on a support, with a pylon-shaped opening in it.
2. Aeronaut. Also † pylone [F. pylône].
a. A tall structure used to mark out the course round which aeroplanes fly (or, formerly, in launching them); also, by extension, a structure round which cars drive on a race-track.
1909Flight 13 Mar. 143/1 The machine is brought to earth conveniently close to the pylone. 1909Westm. Gaz. 16 Oct. 9/3 After a successful round of the course his aeroplane came to earth near the second pylon on the south side. 1913A. E. Berriman Aviation Pl. facing p. 38 (caption) The lower picture illustrates a similar machine banking while turning about one of the pylones at the Hendon Aerodrome. 1970Pop. Mechanics Oct. 106/1, I still had the third and best run to make. A pylon was placed in the centre of the pad. Instructions were to hit the brakes as before and steer around the pylon, brakes full on! 1977Sci. Amer. Oct. 74/3 The craft had to take off unassisted from level ground in a wind of 10 miles per hour or less, fly in a figure-eight pattern around two pylons half a mile apart and pass over a 10-foot hurdle at the start and finish.
b. A post on some early aircraft to which wires for supporting or warping the wing were attached; also, in modern aircraft, a pillar that projects from a wing or fuselage to support an engine, rotor, weapon, or the like.
1912Aero Aug. 236/1 The machine bears..a resemblance to a torpedo boat on account of its squat ‘funnels’, which are..the..pylons carrying the wing bracing wires. 1919Pippard & Pritchard Aeroplane Structures xi. 142 The pylon bracing..comes into operation (1) In high speed flight. (2) In landing. Ibid., The vertical components of the loads in the pylon wires AD, CD throw an extra load in the interplane strut BE. 1955Liptrot & Woods Rotorcraft iii. 20 The rear-end ring [of the fuselage] carries the pylon on which is mounted the tail rotor. 1959Times 26 Feb. 10/6 On the Boeing 707-120..the engines are mounted separately on pylons beneath the wings. 1969K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 106/1 As flown for the first time at Issy on 23 January 1909, it had a 30 h.p. R.E.P. engine.., and a small kite-shaped fin was fixed above the wing-warping pylons. 1979Daily Tel. 29 May 1/4 The airline said it believes the attachments of the engine pylon to the wings of its aircraft are sound.
3. Surg. A temporary, unjointed, artificial leg.
1920Lancet 14 Feb. 373/2, I will endeavour to illustrate the most important details in the manufacture of a thigh pylon. 1945Thomas & Haddan Amputation Prosthesis ii. 49 It is the opinion of many that the most effective and rapid shrinkage and adaptation of the stump takes place with the use of a pylon or a temporary prosthesis. 1971P. J. R. Nichols Rehabil. Severely Disabled II. iii. 107 Many elderly patients fitted with a satisfactory pylon are reluctant to exchange it for a definitive limb, which is heavier and ‘more difficult’ to use.
4. a. A tall structure erected as a support; spec. a lattice-work metal tower for overhead electricity lines.
1923E. Shanks Richest Man iii. 52 Half a mile up the mountain, a cable, a thin black line, traversed the crystal air, borne up on pylons. 1930Auden Poems 67 Pylons fallen or subsiding, trailing dead high-tension wires. 1942J. Lees-Milne Ancestral Voices (1975) 51 This unconfined, Thames estuary is rather exciting, sprinkled as it is with drifting pylons, factory chimneys and distant gasometers. 1966J. Betjeman High & Low 67 Encase your legs in nylons, Bestride your hills with pylons O age without a soul. 1971Nature 12 Nov. 62/3 A commercial application of the hovertrain would operate on pylons spaced up to 150 foot apart and 25 to 30 foot off the ground. 1972R. Adams Watership Down xviii. 104 They had heard the unnatural humming of a pylon in the summer air. 1977Times 19 Jan. 14/2 The North-Western Electricity Board were understandably forbidden to string wires on over⁓head pylons up the valley.
b. Used attrib. to designate those poets of the nineteen-thirties (chiefly Auden, Day Lewis, MacNeice, and Spender) who used industrial scenes and imagery as themes of their poetry.
Spender's poem ‘The Pylons’ was published in 1933.
[1935H. A. Mason in Scrutiny III. 405 In Vienna Spender appears very clumsily dressed in the robes of Eliot (chiefly Ash Wednesday) the ‘pylon’ imagery and possible other borrowed garments.] 1951H. Sergeant Tradition in Making of Mod. Poetry I. iii. 44 His [sc. Wilfrid Gibson's] method of recording factual details of the industrial background to many of his poems furnishes a parallel with that of the ‘pylon’ school of the thirties. 1957R. Hoggart W. H. Auden 14 His first links were made with others who were to become writers and publicists in what has variously been called the Thirties Group, the Pylon School and the Auden Group. 1958Listener 4 Dec. 924/2 The trouble with most of the ‘Pylon Poets’—with the honourable exception of W. H. Auden—is that to them industry was still too much of a new thing. 1961Ibid. 24 Aug. 284/1 After Eliot..there appeared Auden and Spender and the ‘pylon’ school of the nineteen-thirties. 1973Commentary Dec. 53/2 After the withering of 30's illusions it became fashionable to laugh at ‘Pylon’ poetry.
5. U.S. A small pillar or column, used to accommodate a sign or signal.
1934Sun (Baltimore) 10 Oct. 7/1 A proposal to replace the safety pylons with an overhead signal light, with pedestrians waiting on the sidewalk until ready to board a street car, was made yesterday. 1977Washington Post 24 Mar. d.c. 5 Officials have recommended changes in the station that include an end to total dependence upon station names lettered sideways on upright pylons located along the station platforms, requiring passengers to crane their necks to read them. |