| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈcampion1 Obs.
Forms: 3 caumpiun, 4–7 campion, -pioun, 5 campyon.
[A doublet of champion, in later times chiefly Scotch. ME. campiun, a. ONF. campiun, -on = central OF. champiun, -on (= Pr. campio, -on, It. campione):—late L. campio, -ōnem a combatant in the campus or arena, a professed fighter, f. camp-us field of athletic or pugilistic contest, place of fighting in single combat, lists: see camp n.1 and n.2 Campio was formed on campus, like tabellio ‘scrivener’ on tabella ‘written deed’. Practically also a doublet of kemp n.]
1. One who fights in single combat as a trial of strength or bravery, or to decide a judicial question; a gladiator, pugilist, or professional fighter; a combatant.
c1320Cast. Love 970, I am as campion [v.r. campioun] ouer-come. 1375Barbour Bruce xv. 60 As ilk man war a campioun. c1440Promp. Parv. 60 Campyon or champyon, athleta, pugil. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. xvi. (Jam.) Thay refusit na maner of besines nor laubour that mycht pertene to forsy campionis.
2. One who fights on behalf of another, or on behalf of any cause; a champion. techn. one who ‘does battle’ for another in wager of battle.
c1270Saints' Lives (Laud. MS.) (1887) 281 Ich habbe ane guode Caumpiun to þine bi-hofþe i-founde. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 5660 Mony one nobyll Campioun..The Law of God thay did defende. 1588A. King Canisius' Catech. 180 b, S. Paul that maist invincible campion of Christ. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 215 Their cheife Campions discouraged. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 57 Anent the exchange of campions..gif..ane other campion is produced in the kings court then he quha waged the battell in the inferiour court. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 79 Our Head, and soverane Campioun, Jesus Christ.
▪ II. campion2 Herb.|ˈkæmpɪən|
Also 7 campian, 7–8 champion.
[This name appears first in Lobel (1576) and Lyte (1578) applied to the ‘Rose Campion’ or ‘Garden Campions’ (Lychnis, now Agrostemma, coronaria), and the ‘Wild Campions’—Red and White—(L. diurna, and vespertina). As the first was identical with the plant called by Dioscorides λυχνίς στεϕανωµατική, in Lat. lychnis corōnāria, where the second word in both means ‘of or fit for a crown, chaplet, or wreath’, and the λυχνίς is said by Theophrastus to have been used for garlands, the Eng. name has been conjectured to be identical with campion1 and = ‘champion’.
But if so, we should have looked for some such name as ‘Campions' flower’ ‘Campions' lychnis’, and also that the name should have gone back to the 14th c. when the form ‘campion’ for ‘champion’ was in Eng. use. But of neither do we find any trace, and the conjecture must for the present be taken for what it is worth. The Dict. des Sciences du Nat. (1818) tome X, has ‘Compagnon Blanc, nom vulgaire Lychnis dioica.’ Héricher, Philol. de la Flore de Normandie et d'Angleterre 18, has Red and White Campion, le rouge et le blanc Compagnon, but the age of these names and their relation to campion is very doubtful. Others have conjectured formation from campus field.]
The name of certain plants, species of the genus Lychnis: under the name Lyte included the cultivated Rose Campion, L. (Agrostemma Linn.) coronaria, and the wild Red and White Campions, L. diurna and L. vespertina. It is doubtful whether it was a popular name even of these. Later writers have extended it, with qualifications, to a number of allied species, as campion of Constantinople, the Scarlet Lychnis (L. chalcedonica); meadow campion, the Ragged Robin, L. Flos Cuculi; bladder campion, Silene inflata; corn c., the Corn Cockle, Agrostemma Githago; moss campion, Silene acaulis: these are only book-names.
1576Lobel Stirpium Adversaria nova (Antwerp) 142 Lychnis Coronaria, (Anglice) Rose Campion. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. x. 158 The wilde white Campion hath a rough white stemme. 1630Drayton Muses Elys., Nymphal v, Sweet-williams, campions, sops-in-wine, One by another neatly. 1688Ray Hist. Plant. II. 992 Lychnis Coronaria, Garden Campions or Rose Campion. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 68/1 The double Champions are both red and white. 1859E. Capern Ball. & Songs 128 The campion with its star of fire. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 102 Here and there bloomed a little moss campion. 1881G. Allen Vignettes fr. Nat., Red Campion & White, Known to..village children as red and white campion. |