| 释义 |
▪ I. canker, n.|ˈkæŋkə(r)|
Forms: 1 cancer, -or, 3 cauncre, 3–4 cancre, 4 kankir, 4, 6 cankre, 5 cankyr, kankere, 6 cancar, cankar, kanker, 6–7 cancker, 4– canker.
[a. ONF. cancre, in Central OF. and mod.F. chancre (whence also in Eng. shanker, chancre, q.v.):—L. cancr-um (nom. cancer) crab, also gangrene. The word had been used in OE. directly from L.]
1. An eating, spreading sore or ulcer; a gangrene.
†a. Formerly, often the same as cancer.
b. Now spec. A gangrenous affection of the mouth, characterized by small fetid sloughing ulcers; gangrenous stomatitis, stomacace. Also called canker of the mouth or water-canker.
c. Farriery. A disease of the horse's foot, characterized by a fetid discharge from the frog.
For the specific sense a. the Latin cancer was introduced about 1600; but canker was used alongside of it till c 1700.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 110 Gemeng wið þam dustum, clæm on ðone cancer. Ibid. I. 370 Wið cancer-wund. a1225Ancr. R. 98 Ase holi writ seið, ‘hore speche spret ase cauncre.’ 1382Wyclif 2 Tim. ii. 17 The word of hem crepith as a kankir [1388 canker, Vulg. ut cancer]. 1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. X ij, A canker is a melancolye impostume, eatynge partes of the bodye. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xi. 3 No cankar fretteth flesh so sore. 1563T. Gale Antidot. ii. 79 Cankers in the mouthes of the children. 1595Shakes. John v. ii. 14 Heale the inueterate Canker of one wound, By making many. 1599A. M. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physic 248/2 When as a woman getteth an obduratede Breste, & feareth leaste it be the Cancker. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 282 The Canker in the mouth..is a rawness of the mouth and tongue, which is full of blisters. 1630Wadsworth Sp. Pilgr. viii. 88 Who had halfe his nose eaten away with a Canker. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. §99. 163 Women that have Cankers in their breasts. 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3723/4 Her [a mare's] Tongue almost eaten off with a Canker. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Guide ii. lxiii. (1738) 219 A mishapen or rusty Bit..will create those sort of Ulcers the Farriers call Cankers. 1752Berkeley Thoughts Tar-Water Wks. III. 497 The foul disease, which with them passeth for a canker as they call it. 1831Youatt Horse xix. (1847) 401 Canker is a separation of the horn from the sensible part of the foot.
†2. Rust. Obs. exc. dial.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe i. 9 Choler, grene lyke to grene cankar of mettalls. 1557Bible (Genev.) Matt. vi. 19 Wher the mothe and kanker corrupt. 1570Levins Manip. 71 The canker on iron, ferrugo. 1855Whitby Gloss., Canker, rust; oxidization on any metal, but especially iron.
3. A disease of plants, esp. fruit-trees, characterized by slow decay of the bark and tissues.
1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 239 The disease of trees that the Latines caule Caries, which we may caule the worme or canker, being but a certeyne putrifaction. 1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 54 Crab trees..are usually free from the Canker. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. v. (1814) 264 The canker or erosion of the bark and wood is a disease produced often..by a poverty of soil. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 62 Such trees are..not liable to canker.
b. (See quot.)
1713Lond. & Country Brew. ii. (1743) 92 Suffering others with their Shoes to tread on many of the Corns of the Malt while they lie working on the Floor, which is often attended with ill Consequences; for, by bruising the Kernels, there immediately commences the Growth of a Canker, that will show itself in a Bunch, turn green, etc.
4. A caterpillar, or any insect larva, which destroys the buds and leaves of plants; a canker-worm.
c1440Promp. Parv. 60/2 Cankyr, worme of a tre, teredo. 1578Banister Hist. Man. i. 6 The eyes of..Betles, Cankers, & such other. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. ii. 3 Some to kill Cankers in the muske rose buds. 1637Milton Lycidas 45 As killing as the canker to the rose. 1651Raleigh's Ghost 111 The garden worm commonly called a Canker. 1782Marshall in Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 217 Among the numerous enemies to which turnips are liable, none have proved more fatal here than the Black Canker (a species of Caterpillar). 1858J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 103 The prophet [Jonah] was offended..that the canker was sent to destroy his favorite plant.
†5. An inferior kind of rose; the dog-rose (Rosa canina). Obs. exc. locally.
1582J. Hester Phiorav. Secr. i. xi. 11 The buddes of Cankers or wilde Eglantine. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 176 To put downe Richard, that sweet louely Rose, And plant this thorne, this Canker Bullingbrooke. 1623Fletcher Maid of Mill 20 A white rose or a canker. 1846Sowerby Eng. Bot. (1864) III. 230 The Wild Rose is sometimes called the Canker in various parts of the Country.
b. A local name for (a) the common Wild Poppy (Papaver Rhæas); (b) the Dandelion (Leontodon Taraxacum); (c) a toadstool or other fungus. (Britten & Holl.)
6. fig. (from senses 1–4) Anything that frets, corrodes, corrupts, or consumes slowly and secretly.
1564Palfreyman in Bauldwin's Mor. Philos. To Rdr., That pestilent and most infectious canker, idlenesse. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. (1877) 105 Three cankers, which..wil eat vp the whole common welth. 1597–8Bacon Honour & Rep., Ess. (Arb.) 68 Enuie which is the canker of Honour. 1750Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 36 An extravagant Interest..is a sure Canker to their Fortunes. 1863Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. i. 17 The canker of Byzantian vice.
7. (See quot.: cf. cankered 4.)
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 455 The brains of a Leopard being mingled with a little quantity of the water which is called a Canker, and with a little Jasmine, and so mixed together, doth mitigate the pain or ach of the belly.
8. Comb., as canker-bit(ten, canker-eaten, canker-hearted, canker-like, canker-mouthed, canker-poisonous, canker-stomached, canker-toothed adjs.; canker-berry, the fruit of the Dog-rose; also the West Indian plant Solanum bahamense; canker-bloom, the blossom of the Dog-rose; canker-blossom, a worm that cankers a blossom, a canker (sense 4); also fig.; canker-eat v., to eat away like a canker; † canker-fly, app. some kind of caterpillar; canker-rash, a variety of scarlet fever in which the throat is ulcerated; canker-rose, (a) the Dog-rose (= sense 5); (b) the wild poppy (= sense 5 b), ‘from its colour, and from its injuring corn-land’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); cf. Turner's name ‘red corn rose’; cankerweed, a dial. name of Ragweed; † cankerwort, (a) the Dandelion (= sense 5 b); (b) ? = cancerwort (see cancer). See also cankerfret, cankerworm.
1756P. Browne Jamaica 174 The *Canker Berry. The berries are bitterish and thought to be very serviceable in sore throats.
1605Shakes. Lear v. iii. 122 My name is lost By Treasons tooth: bare-gnawne and *Canker-bit. 1753Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 187/1 His reputation canker-bitten by the venomous tooth of slander.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. liv. 5 The *Canker-bloomes have full as deepe a die As the perfumed tincture of the Roses.
1590― Mids. N. iii. ii. 282 You iugler, you *canker blossome You theefe of loue.
a1619Daniel Hist. 222 Those corruptions which Time hath brought forth to fret and *canker-eate [the state].
1593Drayton Eclog. x. 81 A leaveless *Canker-eaten Bow. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4847/4 Her [a mare's] Tongue Canker-eaten.
1653Walton Angler 98 There be of Flies, Caterpillars, and *Canker flies, and Bear flies.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. clxvii. 1034 *Cankerhearted against God.
1559Mirr. Mag. 704 (R.) [Dissimulation] *canker-like devours it to the root.
1820Hoyle's Games Impr. 434 They [cocks] may..become seam-eyed or *canker-mouthed.
1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 47 The *canker-poisonous chains.
1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 112 The Wild, or *Canker-Rose, called Cinosbaton. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. II. 233 Rosa canina (Common Dog-rose)..another of its names, the Canker-Rose.
1607Lingua iii. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 388 Those *canker-stomached, spiteful creatures.
1788Burns Let. Mrs. Dunlop 27 Sept. (Globe) 428 A *canker-toothed, caterpillar critic.
▪ II. canker, v.|ˈkæŋkə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To infect or consume with canker.
1398–1664 [see cankered 1, 3]. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 95 ⁋1 To canker the root.
†b. To corrode, rust, tarnish. Obs. exc. dial.
c1420[see 2]. 1570–1799 [see cankered 2].
2. fig. To infect, corrupt; to consume slowly and secretly like a canker.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 4003 God graunte knyghtes rubbe awey the ruste Of covetise, yf it her hertes cankir. 1641Milton Ch. Discip. ii. (1851) 33 There is no art that hath bin more canker'd in her principles..then the art of policie. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 85 ⁋11 Cankered by the rust of their own thoughts. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xxvi, No lapse of moons can canker Love. 1875E. White Life in Christ ii. xi. (1878) 119 A world smitten with a curse which cankers half its blessings.
3. intr. To become cankered; † to rust, to grow rusty or tarnished; to fester (dial.). Also fig.
1519W. Horman Vulg., This latton basen cankeryth, for faulte of occupyeng. 1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 192 As with age, his body ouglier growes, So his minde cankers. a1626Bacon Physiol. & Med. Rem. (L.) Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. 1879G. Macdonald P. Faber I. vii. 75 It cankers and breeds worms. |