| 释义 |
cannabis|ˈkænəbɪs|
[mod.L. (Linnæus Species Plantarum (1753) II. 1027), f. earlier L. cannabis, Gr. κάνναβις hemp.]
1. Common hemp, Cannabis sativa, a tall erect herb of the family Moraceæ having long dentate leaves on long petioles and common in central Asia and other warm regions; different regional varieties, occas. distinguished as Cannabis americana, Cannabis indica (Indian hemp), etc., are cultivated for their fibre, their intoxicating properties, or the oil obtained from their seeds.
[1548W.Turner Names of Herbes s.v. Canabis. Canabis is called in Englishe Hemp. 1728Chambers Cycl. I, Hemp, by Naturalists call'd Cannabis, bears a near Analogy to Flax, Linum.] 1783W. Marsden Hist. Sumatra 76 The cannabis or hemp..is cultivated in quantities, not for the purpose of making rope,..but for smoking. 1798W. Roxburgh Plants Coast of Coromandel II. 50/1 They have no idea of the superior quality of the bark of the common hemp-plant (Cannabis), which is indigenous in all parts of India. 1851Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. XIII. 27 Two species of Cannabis have been described by many botanists—viz., C. Sativa, and C. Indica; but repeated comparison has not detected any material difference. 1871Watts Dict. Chem. I. 735 Cannabis indica..used in the East as an intoxicating agent. 1904Sci. Mem. Officers Med. & San. Depts. Govt. India XII. 1 (heading) On the Morphology, Teratology and Diclinism of the Flowers of Cannabis. 1937A. F. Hill Econ. Bot. xii. 293 Cannabis has been of little importance in the United States, but recently the use of marijuana cigarettes, illicitly made from hemp, seems to be increasing, in spite of all attempts to stamp out the habit. 1962Times 7 May 11/7 Indian hemp, or cannabis as it is now generally termed, grows freely over great stretches of the earth.
2. (Orig. ellipt. for Cannabis sativa or (esp.) indica.) Any of various preparations of different parts of the hemp-plant which are smoked, chewed, or drunk for their intoxicating or hallucinogenic properties and were formerly used medicinally; bhang (marijuana), ganja, and charas (hashish) are different forms of these preparations and there are many other names.
1848Hempel & Quin tr. Jahr's New Manual I. 386 According to Noack and Trinks, Cannabis may be employed in the following affections: Hysterical conditions [etc.]. 1860A. Stillé Therapeutics & Mat. Med. II. vi. 82 The mental effects of cannabis when fully developed are exceedingly curious. 1888Practitioner Feb. 97 Even in more advanced cases of tropical diarrhœa cannabis will sometimes prove very useful. 1935Lancet 6 Apr. 811/2 Frequent indulgence in cannabis..results in loss of judgment and restraint. 1939Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Sept. 531/3 Marihuana, otherwise cannabis, hemp, hashish, nepenthe, bhang, ganja, dagga, and about a hundred other names, has not yet become in this country a popular way of escape from the worries of normal life. 1952Martindale's Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 23) I. 321 Cannabis was formerly employed in mania and nervous disorders as a cerebral sedative or narcotic, but owing to the uncertainty of its action it is now seldom employed in this manner. 1962Times 7 May 11/7 The taking of cannabis does not at the moment present the Home Office with anything like a serious problem. 1967Guardian 31 July 2 The general effects of cannabis seem to be the liberation of certain inhibitions, accompanied by mild hallucinations. 1970Times 12 Mar. 1/2 The Bill also halves the maximum prison sentence for possessing cannabis.
3. attrib. and Comb., as cannabis plant, cannabis-smoker; cannabis resin, the sticky resin produced by the hemp-plant, esp. the flowering tops of the female, and containing the active principles.
1896K. L. Dey Indigenous Drugs India (ed. 2) 60 The Charas or cannabis Resin exudes naturally on the leaves, stem and fruits..on plants growing on the mountain tracts at an altitude of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. 1957Bull. Narcotics IX. 4/1 In Europe, the cannabis plant produces a valuable fibre while showing little or no tendency to produce the narcotic principle. 1962Times 7 May 11/7 Cannabis abuse is very likely to be the forerunner of addiction to more dangerous addicting drugs. 1967Listener 3 Aug. 131/3 Only a tiny percentage of cannabis-smokers escalate to heroin. 1970Times 10 Mar. 2/6 Three boys have been expelled..for smoking cannabis resin. 1970Oxford Mail 8 Apr. 1/8 Flying Squad officers..charged them early today with possessing about 60 lb. of pure cannabis resin, worth about {pstlg}30,000 on the black market. |