| 释义 |
canteen orig. Mil.|kænˈtiːn|
[a. F. cantine, ad. It. cantina cellar, cave, of doubtful deriv.: see Diez and Littré. The history and order of the senses is obscure. The quotations of date 1744 virtually carry senses 1 and 4 back to 1710–11, the date of the occurrences referred to. See also note under 4.]
1. a. A kind of sutler's shop in a camp, barracks, or garrison town, where provisions and liquors are sold to soldiers and non-commissioned officers. Now under regimental control. Also, in Indian and colonial use, applied to a victualling or refreshment house resembling this.
1744M. Bishop Life & Adv. 138, I took him to the Canteen, and gave him what he would drink. 1803Rees Cycl., Canteen is the cabaret, tavern, or place in a garrison-town where the garrison have the privilege of purchasing spirits..and beer. 1832Life W. J. Neptune 105 In the kitchen of the Canteen at the Citadel. 1837F. Owen Diary (1926) 7 The annoyance I had been put to, in one of the Hottentots being found on the floor at a canteen, at the time when he ought to have been at his place at the waggon. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 243 No civilians..are to be permitted to frequent, or in any way to make use of the Canteen, without the..sanction of the Commanding Officer. 1852C. Barter Dorp & Veld 9 (Pettman), But the inns sadly need reformation—they are in fact little better than canteens. 1886Mod. The Canteen at the Indian and Colonial Exhibition. 1950Cape Times 20 Sept. 16/2 Men in uniform have been encouraged by their officers to use their own canteens rather than public bars.
b. In extended use. Now usu. a refreshment-room at a factory, school, or the like.
1870D. J. Kirwan Palace & Hovel (1963) xv. 143 The Canteen of the Alhambra is..nothing more than a subterranean bar-room. 1908Parish Councils (Fabian Tract No. 137) 13 At Limpsfield (Surrey) the school manager appointed by the parish council personally started a canteen, which fed 60 children who came from a distance. a1930D. H. Lawrence Phoenix II (1968) 18 Dinners are given in the canteen in one of the mean streets, where the children feed in a Church Mission room. 1937Discovery Sept. 268/2 A works canteen, a matter on which employees are sensitive, especially if..the canteen is a virtual monopoly. 1955Times 12 May 18/5 Every consideration will also be given to facilities for canteens and both indoor and outdoor recreation.
‖2. ‘A small case divided into compartments for carrying flasks or bottles of wine and other liquors’ (Littré); a French use, which however may have given rise to the next two English ones.
1737Ozell Rabelais II. 235 Two Cantines (Bottle-Cases). The best Cantines are sold at Charing-Cross.
3. a. A box or chest with an outfit of cooking and table utensils, and other articles serviceable in a camp, or on an expedition, used by officers, etc.
1817Keatinge Trav. II. 6 Next follow the mules, with the tents and canteens. 1839A. F. Tytler Leila 13 Mr. Howard's canteen contained a small tea-service, etc. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 627 The sumpter horses were unloaded: the canteens were opened.
b. A chest or case containing a set of table knives, forks, spoons, etc.
1895Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 756 Canteens for wedding presents, yachting, college use, &c. 1963Times 30 Jan. 4/3 Generous expenses and a canteen of cutlery!
4. A small tin or wooden vessel, of a capacity of from 3 to 4 pints, for water or liquor, carried by soldiers on the march, travellers, workmen, etc.
(This sense appears to be in vulgar Fr., since Littré says ‘Il ne faut pas employer cantine pour cruche, ni dire: remplissez cette cantine’.)
1744M. Bishop Life & Adv. 8 The soldiers..ran into the Water..and after they had filled their Bellies, filled their Canteens. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) Espoulette, a tin canteen, or case, to carry fine powder. 1800Weems Washington x. (1877) 129 Her soldiers often without a crust in their knapsacks or a dram in their canteens. 1811Monthly Mag. 1 Dec. 464 Canteen, or cantine..a tin flat bottle, in which soldiers carry liquor on their shoulders. 1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh. 12 Canteen, a small wooden flat barrel, containing about half a gallon, in which a pitman carries water or coffee with him to his work. 1868Regul. & Ord. Army §1128 The Men will..shift their pouches, havresacks and water canteens, round to the front of their bodies.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1a) canteen-keeper, canteen-sergeant, canteen-steward; (sense 1 b) canteen-manager, canteen-work; (sense 3) canteen-camel, canteen-horse; (sense 4) canteen-maker.
1796Calvary Instruct. (1803) 216 On a march, servants, led horses, and canteen horses remain with their squadrons. 1832Cape Gd. Hope Lit. Gaz. 1 Feb. 243 (Pettman), We would call for certificates of character from every canteen-keeper. 1882–3Schaff Relig. Encycl. I. 374 The canteen camel of Eastern tourists. 1886Pall Mall G. 12 Sept. 2/2 The regimental and canteen supplies are left in the hands of canteen stewards and quartermasters. 1887Haggard Jess 19 The canteen keeper sent for his boys to turn him out. 1918A. Bennett Pretty Lady xxvi. 171 Concepcion..had decided that she ought to take up canteen work. 1937Discovery Sept. 268/2 A director who occasionally goes round dinners with his canteen manager.
▸ canteen culture n. Brit. colloq. (depreciative) a set of conservative and discriminatory attitudes alleged to exist within the lower ranks of the British police force, esp. as manifested in a resistance to new codes of practice (such as those introduced by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984), or by intolerance and abusiveness (including casual racism or sexism).
1987Listener 1 Oct. 4/3 Their training has covered the thorny question of relationships inside the police station under the powerful influence of ‘*canteen culture’. 1995Guardian 10 Apr. ii. 40/4 Officially Britain's police are committed to eradicating racism in their ranks... But are their efforts being undermined by the ‘canteen culture’ of rank and file officers? 1998R. Newman Manners 52 It's a denigrating act to ask a WPC out when you're on duty, canteen culture and all that. 2001Independent 10 July ii. 2/3 They [sc. black police officers] have to overcome the natural suspicions of their own people, and the institutionalised racism of many forces' canteen culture. |