| 释义 |
‖ capitulum|kəˈpɪtjʊləm|
[L.; dim. of caput head.]
A little head or knob.
1. Eccl. A short ‘lesson’ from Scripture.
1753in Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1885McCrie Sketches & Stud. 29 The last page of the capitula of St. John's Gospel.
2. Phys. ‘A protuberance of bone received into a hollow portion of another bone’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1755in Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1881Mivart Cat 37 They articulate with the heads, or the capitula, of the ribs.
3. Bot.
a. ‘A close head of sessile flowers. Also a term vaguely applied among fungals to the receptacle, pileus, or peridium’ (Treas. Bot.).
1721–1800Bailey, Capitulum [among Botanists] is the Head or Flowring Top of any Plant. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 106 The neutral florets..being quite open in very many capitula. 1861S. Thomson Wild Flowers i. (ed. 4) 91 The flower-head or capitulum of such a plant as the daisy.
b. In characeous plants, a head-cell borne by each manubrium.
1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs's Bot. 520. 1877 Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (ed. 4) 45 At the free end of the manubrium is a rounded body, the capitulum, which bears six smaller, secondary capitula. 1898H. C. Porter tr. Strasburger's Bot. 339 Each manubrium terminates in a knob-like cell or capitulum, from which a large number of short cells grow out into the cavity of the antheridium.
4. Zool.
a. The body of a barnacle together with the case containing it; so called from its forming a head to the peduncle or foot-stalk.
1872Nicholson Palæont. 152 At its free extremity the peduncle bears the ‘capitulum’.
b. (See quots.)
1920I. F. & W. D. Henderson Dict. Sci. Terms 42/1 Capitulum..the exsert part of the head in ticks. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxx. 460 Ticks are eight-legged arthropods with no division between head, thorax or abdomen. Their mouth-parts are carried on a separate movable capitulum. |