| 释义 |
pyridine Chem.|ˈpɪrɪdiːn|
[f. Gr. πῦρ, πυρ- fire + -id4 + -ine5.]
a. A colourless volatile liquid alkaloid (C5H5N) of offensive odour and poisonous quality, produced in the dry distillation of bone-oil and other bituminous matter. The inhalation of its vapour was said to be beneficial in asthma, etc.
pyridine bases, the series of alkaloids, of composition CnH2n-5N, of which pyridine is the lowest member, and picoline, lutidine, collidine, parvoline, etc., other examples.
1851T. Anderson in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. (1853) XX. 253 The first of these [pyrrol bases], to which I give the name of pyridine. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 755 Pyridine is a colourless mobile liquid, having a most powerful and peculiar odour closely resembling that of picoline, and, like that alkaloid, causing a bitter taste in the mouth and back of the throat. 1881Ibid. 3rd Suppl. 1699 Pyridine may be regarded as benzine having one of its CH groups replaced by nitrogen. 1888Daily News 26 June, 7/7 The latest practice adopted by the German Government,..is that of mingling with the [methylated] spirit ‘pyridine’, an essence which gives the ‘peculiarly offensive and characteristic odour’ to a refuse of the gas-works which the men call ‘devil water’.
b. Comb. as pyridine-carboxylic acid, a name for picolinic and nicotinic acids. pyridine nucleotide, either of the two oxidizing co-enzymes di- and triphosphopyridine nucleotide (co-enzymes I and II); (sometimes with added di- or triphosphate respectively).
[1936Chem. Abstr. XXX. 8262 Cozymase is an adenine-pyridine-nucleotide, which is a H-transporter because the pyridine changes to dihydropyridine.] 1937Proc. R. Soc. B. CXXII. 355 The question then arose whether or not the action of pyridine nucleotide triphosphate was specific and if it could be replaced by pyridine nucleotide diphosphate. Ibid. 359 The two pyridine nucleotides were active as ‘V’ factor, the limit of the activity of pyridine nucleotide triphosphate being about 1/600,000,000. 1951Whitby & Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xvi. 282 The V factor is the di- or tri-phosphate of pyridine nucleotide, coenzymes that act as intermediate hydrogen receptors in cytochrome and other respiratory mechanisms. 1966S. P. Colowick et al. in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XIV. i. 4 The pyridine nucleotides are thus concerned in virtually all biosynthetic and degradative processes involving oxidation-reduction steps.
Hence pyˈridic a., of or related to pyridine; pyridic group or pyridic series, the series of pyridine bases: see above; ˈpyridone = oxy-pyridine, C5H5NO; ˈpyridyl, the radical C5H4N of pyridine.
1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids Introd. 11 Those..which are constantly present in prolonged putrefactive fermentations, belong to the pyridic and hydropyridic series; they do not differ widely from the poisonous bases of hemlock and tobacco. Ibid. 93 A base which seems to belong to the pyridic group. |