| 释义 |
carbyl Chem.|ˈkɑːbɪl|
Also carbyle.
[f. carb- + -yl.]
1. [a. G. carbyl, in carbylsulphat (G. Magnus 1839, in Ann. d. Physik u. Chem. XLVII. 512).] A name for the basic hydrocarbon radical derived from ethylene; little used except in carbyl sulphate, ethionic anhydride, ({b1}CH2·SO3{b1})2, a white, deliquescent, crystalline substance.
1844Fownes Chem. 395 Carbon, hydrogen, and the elements of sulphuric acid... Sulphate of carbyle. 1890Bloxam's Chem. (ed. 7) 479 The compound formed by SO3 with ethylene..is termed carbyl sulphate or ethionic anhydride. 1950N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 903 With alcohol it [sc. sulphur trioxide] forms ‘carbyl sulphate’, which is..the anhydride of ethionic acid.
2. [a. F. carbyl, in carbylamine (A. É. J. Gautier 1867, in Compt. Rend. LXV. 902).] A divalent radical of carbon; little used except in carbylamine |kɑːbɪˈlæmiːn, kɑːˈbaɪləmiːn|, the isocyanide radical, {b1}NC; also, any of the compounds (also called carbamines, isocyanides, isonitriles) consisting of this radical attached to a hydrocarbon radical, which are foul-smelling poisonous liquids; spec., phenyl isocyanide, C6H5·NC; carbylamine test, a test for detecting primary amines by heating the substance with chloroform in a basic solution, the presence of an amine being indicated by the characteristic smell of an isocyanide.
1879Watts Dict. Chem. (ed. 2) VI. 522 In the one class..the alcohol-radicle is in direct union with the carbon; in the other, discovered independently by Hofmann and by Gautier in 1867, and designated as isocyanides, carbylamines, or carbamines, it is combined directly with the nitrogen. 1886E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Org. Chem. 246 The carbylamine test of Hofmann for detection of primary amines. 1887A. M. Brown Contrib. Anim. Alkaloids 36 Heated with potash and chloroform, cadaverine does not give carbylamine. 1946Nature 31 Aug. 295/2 The presence of amines by carbylamine test could not be shown. 1963W. E. Flood Orig. Chem. Names 59/1 A comparison of the structure of a carbylamine with that of a simple amine..shows that the carbylamine may be regarded as an amine in which the two hydrogen atoms of the amino-group are replaced by carbyl (i.e. a carbon ‘radical’). |