| 释义 |
senator|ˈsɛnətə(r)|
Forms: 3–5 senatur, 3–7 senatour, 4–5 cenatour, sinatour, 4–6 senatoure, 5 cenatoure, senatowre, (6 sanatour), 6– senator.
[a. OF. senateur (mod.F. sénateur), ad. L. senātor, f. sen-em, senex old, old man; a parallel formation with senātus senate. Cf. Sp., Pg. senador, It. senatore.]
1. A member of a senate.
a. A member of the ancient Roman senate.
In some of the early examples (c 1290, c 1386, 1390, and perhaps others) the writers evidently attribute to antiquity the usage of their own time, according to which ‘the senator of Rome’ was the title of a single high official. See sense 2.
c1205Lay. 25337 Þat was þurh þa senaturs þa þet sinað heolden. c1290St. John 81 in S. Eng. Leg. 404 For þe senatour him a-slovȝ: þat was þo of rome, In contek þat heom was bi-twene. 13..Seuyn Sag. 1267 Amorewe aros that sinatour. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 863 For which this Emperour hath sent anon His senatour..And othere lordes..On Surryens to taken heigh vengeance. 1390Gower Conf. I. 199 This Lord, with whom sche scholde go, Of Rome was the Senatour. c1400St. Alexius 65 Þerfore þe riche Emperoure Of þe Cite made hym Cenatoure. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xxxi. 178 The Sinatouris of the Cite [of Rome]. 1475Bk. Noblesse 1 The noble cenatoure of Rome Kayus son. 1513Douglas æneis Comm., Wks. II. 292 Quhen Cesar was slayn by the Sanatouris. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. xxxix. (1544) 101 b, For thy pacience, wysedom and temperance, we deeme the worthy to be admitted into the college of Senatours. 1696B. Kennett Romæ Antiquæ ii. iii. ii. (1717) 101 The right of naming Senators belong'd at first to the Kings; afterwards the Consuls chose, and refer'd them to the People for their Approbation: But at last the Censors engross'd the whole Privilege of conferring this Honour. 1834Lytton Pompeii i. vii, ‘The emperor has been giving a splendid supper to the senators,’ answered Sallust.
b. A member of the senate or governing council in other states of antiquity.
1586E. Hoby Pol. Disc. Truth viii. 23 The Ephores, hauing chosen a Senator that was very true, commanded him [etc.] 1607Shakes. Timon v. i. 139 The Senators of Athens, greet thee Timon. 1656Stanley Hist. Philos. v. Plato iii. (1687) 159/2 That he was a Senator, implies he was full thirty years old at that time, according to Solon's Law. 1790Cowper Odyss. viii. 56 He..led the way, whom follow'd all The sceptred senators. 1837Thirlwall Greece xxxv. IV. 379 The senators, ephors, and other magistrates [at Sparta].
c. A member of the senate or governing body in certain mediæval and modern cities of Europe. Cf. senate 1 c.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 79 b, The bishop of Strausborough writeth letters to divers of the senatours. 1604Shakes. Oth. iv. i. 230 The Duke, and the Senators of Venice greet you. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1737/2 The Count d'Archinto has received his Patent from Spain, to be first Senator of Milan. 1741Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Montagu 25 Aug. (1893) II. 95 The senators [at Genoa] can converse with no strangers during the time of their magistracy. 1762New Biogr. Dict. IX. 222 s.v. Peiresc, They..were sent to Aix to their uncle Claude Fabri, their father's elder brother, who was senator there. 1782J. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 404 [At the Hague] I am going to dine with..a number of Ambassadors and Senators. 1860Motley Netherl. i. (1868) I. 12 The Sage-Men chose annually a board of senators.
d. gen. A member of a governing body or parliament. Often applied (unofficially and sometimes rhetorically) to a member of either House of the British Parliament.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 35 Þerfore was i-made a counsaile of þe real strete of Calne..þere seten in an hiȝe hous þe senatoures of Engelond. a1513Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxvi. (1811) 234 A nyce folysshe couenaunte ought nat to be holden,..without the hole assent of the senatours of the same lande. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 17 The Magistrates..are no lesse estemed then amonge vs Senatoures or Lord of the Counsayl. 1628A. Leighton App. Parlt. Ep. Ded., To the right Honourable & High Court of Parliament. Right Honorable and High Senators. Such hath beene the care [etc.]. 1660Tatham Roy. Oak 8 Holding..in the other [hand] a statute Book as a Senator and maintainer of laws. 1708Swift Predict. for 1708, 6 At home, the Death of an old famous Senator will happen on the 15th. a1763W. King Lit. & Polit. Anecd. (1819) 35 [The Duke of Wharton's] speech..was indeed not unworthy of the oldest and most accomplished senator..in either House of Parliament. 1776J. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 215, I had rather build stones upon Penn's hill, than to be the first Prince in Europe, or the first General or Senator in America. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 171 He had, during the first year of the Long Parliament, been honourably distinguished among the senators who laboured to redress the grievances of the nation. 1894Sir J. D. Astley Fifty Yrs. Life II. 123 How those forty senators [sc. the Irish M.P.'s] (or their successors) have been going on since, is notorious.
e. In vaguer sense: A counsellor, statesman; † a leader in State or Church. Also fig.
c1400Rom. Rose 4999 Peyne and Distresse, Syknesse and Ire, And Malencoly, that angry sire, Ben of hir paleys senatours. 1535Coverdale Ps. civ. [cv.] 22 That he might enfourme his prynces after his wil, and teach his Senatours wysdome. 1548tr. Viret's Expos. XII Art. Chr. Faith M vj b, Euen so hathe the churche hys spirituall policie..and hys pastures, ministers, and senatoures. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxvi. §6 That which children might haue seene, their grauest Senators could not discerne. 1656Blount Glossogr., Muncerians, a sort of Anabaptists, so called from Tho. Muncer, who was their Prophet, Senator and General, when they rose in Rebellion in Suevia and Franconia, &c. 1820Keats Hyperion i. 73 Those green-rob'd senators of mighty woods, Tall oaks.
f. The official title of a member of the senate or upper house of the legislature in the United States, in modern France, Italy, etc.
In the U.S., Senator prefixed to the surname denotes a member of the federal Senate, not of the Senate of a particular state.
1788J. Stokes in M. Cutler's Life, etc. (1888) II. 275 The Constitution of the United States pleases me much, but you ought to allow the people to have the power of appointing Senators-extraordinary in cases of exigency, as of war, or national distresses. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iii. viii, The long-gowned Senators of France. 1863Bright Sp., Amer. 30 June (1876) 139 He has been for many years a Senator from the State of Mississippi. 1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 347/1 He [Dombrowski] was named in 1815 general of cavalry and senator palatine of the new kingdom of Poland. 1905R. Bagot Passport iii. 17 He was a well-known scientist,..and, in recognition of his work in the domain of physical science, had been created a senator of the Italian kingdom.
2. In Papal Rome: The title given at various periods from the 12th c. onwards to the civil head of the city government, appointed by the Pope.
[c1290,c1390: see sense 1 a, and the note.] 1832G. Downes Lett. xxvi. I. 427 In this [Senatorial] palace are held the sittings of Rome's one senator, and of the Judges of the Tribunal. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 153 Anarchy of Rome..induced Innocent in 1354 to send him [Rienzi] back as a governor with the title of Senator.
3. Senator of the College of Justice: in Scotland, the official designation of a Lord of Session.
1540Sc. Acts Jas. V (1814) II. 371/2 Þe president vice-president and senatores [of the College of Justice]. 1562in Acts of Sederunt (1790) 4 The Senators, ordinaris of our College of Justice, instituted be our maist nobill fader of gude memorie. 1905Westm. Gaz. 3 Jan. 8/2 One of the Senators of his Majesty's College of Justice in Scotland.
†4. The Senators: a convivial London club in the 18th c. Obs.
1761Ann. Reg. IV. ii. 51/1 He was a respectable member of The Killers of Care,..The Senators [etc.].
5. The Ivory Whale-gull.
[a1713Ray Syn. Avium 126 Raths-herr i.e. Senator Friderici Martens.] 1852Macgillivray Brit. Birds V. 508 Cetosparactes eburneus. The Ivory Whale-Gull... Senator. |