| 释义 |
pyrometer|paɪˈrɒmɪtə(r)|
[f. pyro- + -meter.]
†a. orig. An instrument for measuring the expansion of solid bodies under the influence of heat. Obs.
b. Any instrument for measuring high temperatures, usually those higher than can be measured by the mercurial thermometer.
Such instruments have been made on a variety of principles, depending on the expansion, contraction, or fusion of solids, the radiation, conduction, etc. of heat, the production of electrical or chemical action, etc.
1749Gentl. Mag. XIX. 361/2 The Draught of an accurate Pyrometer or Instrument to measure the Extension or Contraction, of Metal, or other Rods,..invented by Mr. Withurst of Derby. 1793W. & S. Jones Catal. Optical, etc. Instr. 8 Pyrometers, shewing the expansion of metals. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 10, I..examined..their fusibility in various degrees of heat by the help of Mr. Wedgewood's pyrometer. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 73 Clay contracts considerably in dimensions by a very intense heat, and on the measure of its contractions the pyrometer of Wedgwood is founded. 1906Westm. Gaz. 16 July 4/2 Special furnaces which are controlled by the assistance of electrical pyrometers. 1907Athenæum 18 May 609/3 A modification of Prof. Féry's radiation pyrometer, which in principle consists of receiving in a concave mirror the total radiation of a hot plate.
Hence pyroˈmetric, pyroˈmetrical adjs., pertaining to a pyrometer or to pyrometry; of the nature of, or measurable by, a pyrometer; formerly said of effects due to the expansive power of great heat; pyrometric cone: (see quots.); pyroˈmetrically adv., in the manner of, or by means of, a pyrometer; pyˈrometry, the measurement of very high temperatures.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 20 This pyrometer [Wedgewood's] consists of two parts, one of which, called the Gage, serves to measure the degrees of diminution or contraction: the other consists of small cylinders of clay, called *Pyro⁓metric Pieces. 1837Herschel in Babbage Bridgew. Treat. App. i. 237 The elevation of strata by pyrometric expansion of the subjacent columns of rock. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1016 Pyrometric balls of red clay, coated with a very fusible lead enamel, are employed in the English potteries to ascertain the temperature of the glaze kilns.
1947J. C. Rich Materials & Methods of Sculpture ii. 46 Pyrometric cones..are used to determine and thereby control the firing temperatures of the kiln. 1964H. Hodges Artifacts i. 40 Today potters use small cones of clay—pyrometric cones—which melt below the maturing point of the wares being fired. 1977Western Living (Vancouver) Apr. 25/3 The way you tell the temperature..is with pyrometric cones which are little triangular objects made of different combinations of ceramic materials.
1791Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 107 The substances employed..must have been influenced in their length by *pyrometrical and hygrometrical effects. 1834–6Barlow in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 460/2 Pyrometrical beads, technically called trials,..are made in the form of small hoops, of Egyptian black clay. 1865E. Meteyard Wedgwood II. 160 Thos. and John Wedgwood..about 1740 introduced what they termed pyrometrical beads..formed of prepared clay.
1778Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 419 (heading) An Essay on *Pyrometry and Arcometry. Ibid. 421 The occasion which led me to Pyrometry. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 319 The dilatation of bodies by heat forms the subject of..pyrometry. 1897Rose in Mining Jrnl. 30 Jan. 143/3 Pyrometry and the testing..of alloys continue to receive much attention. |