| 释义 |
carriage|ˈkærɪdʒ|
Forms: 4–7 cariage, 5 karyage, 5–6 caryage, 5–7 carryage, (Sc. 5–7 carage, 6 carraige), 6– carriage.
[a. ONF. cariage, in mod.F. charriage, Picard carriage action of conveying in a vehicle, f. carier, mod.F. charrier to carry (in a cart, etc.): see -age.]
I. The action of carrying.
1. a. Carrying or bearing from one place to another; conveyance.
1388Wyclif Gen. xlv. 19 That thei take waynes..to the cariage [1382 kariying] of her little children. c1440Promp. Parv. 62 Caryage, vectura, portagium, etc. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) F b, The horse, that hathe..passed his course of caryage, shoulde reste hym. 1626Bacon Sylva §193 The carriage of the Sounds. 1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. lii. 422 Their Carriages by Wains and Carts of the Wines. 1725De Foe Voy. round W. (1840) 299 Mules or horses for carriage. 1825McCulloch Pol. Econ. iii. v. 284 For the expences of carriage as for those of production.
b. with obj. gen., or special reference to the object: = ‘being carried’.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iv. 190 Least..I be suspected of Your carriage from the Court. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 359 Trees, which..lay there for carriage. 1826J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 35 By constant carriage, not only by day, but also..during a part of the night.
2. esp. Conveyance of merchandise; commercial transport; traffic of transport; carrying trade.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §128 The erthe swelleth & bolneth..with treadynge, and specyally with caryage. 1547Act 1 Edw. VI, v. §5 The cariage or conveyaunce of anny horses..into Scotelande. 1684Burnet tr. More's Utopia 73 The Streets are made very convenient for all Carriage. 1727De Foe Eng. Tradesm. xxvi. (1841) I. 260 Our river navigation is not to be named for carriage with the vast bulk of carriage by packhorses and by wagons. a1797Burke Late State Nation (R.) The largest proportion of carriage had been engrossed by neutral nations. 1834Southey Doctor xxiii. (1862) 52 The whole carriage of the northern counties..was performed by pack-horses.
†3. An impost on the transport of goods through a country or territory; a customs duty, toll, or carrier's licence. Obs.
[c1200in Dugdale Monast. I. 310 Soluta et quieta de omnibus Geldis..et lastagio et stallagio et carriagio.] 1771Antiq. Sarisb. 80 Free from Toll, Pontage, Passage, Pasture, Lestage, Stallage, Carriage and every other Custom.
†4. An obsolete service of carrying, or a payment in lieu of the same, due by a tenant to his landlord or feudal superior, or imposed by authority. Cf. average n.1 Obs.
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋677 Distreyned by taylages, custumes, and cariages. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxii. 214 Touchyng vitails and also of caryages. 1549Compl. Scot. xv. 125, I am maid ane slaue of my body to ryn and rashe in arrage & carraige. 1571Campion Hist. Irel. ii. viii. (1633) 102 The Irish imposition of Coyne, Livery, Cartings, carriages, loadings. 1611Bible Pref. 2 He [Solomon] had..troubled them with some cariages. 1703in Keble Bp. T. Wilson (1863) 194 To leave all such carriages, Boones and services on the same foot as already provided for by Law. 1755in United Presbyter. Mag. Apr. (1884) 156 To answer all carriages and days' dargs exacted by the laird. 1754–1835 [see average n.1].
5. (ellipt. or contextually) The price, expense, or cost of carrying.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Carriage, also denotes the money or hire paid to a carrier, or other bearer of goods. The carriage of letters is called postage. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xx. 504 Sometimes the carriage is given as a separate item.
†6. (contextually) Power, ability, or capacity for carrying; (in quot. 1588 quibblingly). Obs.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. ii. 74 Sampson..was a man of good carriage, great carriage; for hee carried the Towne-gates on his backe like a porter. 1740Pineda Eng. Span. Dict. s.v., A Beast of Carriage, a Ship of Carriage.
7. Arith. See carry 7.
1847De Morgan Arithmet. Bks. Introd. 22 Proceed with each figure, and carriage.
†8. ‘Bearing’, course, direction. Obs.
1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. vi. 10 The insertion of many Nerves, and the oblique carriage of many fibres. Ibid. 12 The carriage of Fibres.
9. The carrying of a fortress, etc.; also carriage away: cf. carry 16, 46.
1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1631) 610 Solyman..resolued forthwith to besiege Vienna, the chiefe citie of Austria, in good hope that by the carriage away of that, the other cities..would without any resistance be yeelded vnto him.
10. Action of conducting, carrying out; execution; conduct, management, administration.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 82 The whole Government and carriage of affaires. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. x. i. (1632) 1241 A Proclamation against all griping Monopolies..and Protections..as also against other abuses in other inferiour carriages. 1650B. Discollim. 21 The carriages or miscarriages of these affaires. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. Ep. Ded. 18 The carriage and conduct of this noble Enterprise. 1876Belfast News 22 Nov. 3/3 Messrs. ― solicitors, had the carriage of the sale. 1884Law Times Rep. 26 Apr. 246/1 The carriage of the order [for winding up a company] is given to the first petitioner.
11. The carrying (of a motion).
1879O'Connor Beaconsfield 397 The consequence of the carriage of the motion would be the expulsion of Lord John Russell from power.
II. Manner of carrying; conduct, behaviour.
12. Manner or way of carrying or bearing (e.g. anything in the hand, the body, or any part of it).
1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. iii. iii. (1651) 470 'Tis not the eye, but carriage of it. 1653Walton Angler i. v, The ill carriage of the line..makes you lose your labour. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 150/1 A good Graver..[must] have a curious & exact carriage of the Hand. 1711Budgell Spect. No. 67 ⁋11 An handsome carriage of the body. 1821De Quincey in Page Life I. v. 97 A peculiar and graceful carriage of her head.
13. Manner of carrying one's body; bodily deportment, bearing, mien.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 466 A goodly portly man..of a most noble Carriage. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxviii. §3. 153 A stately carriage, far different from that he was wont to have. 1705Addison Italy 45 A free and easie Carriage. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. ix. (1878) 135 He had the carriage of a military man.
14. a. Manner of conducting oneself socially; demeanour; deportment, behaviour. (Referring to manners.) arch.
1590Shakes. Com. Err. iii. ii. 14 Teach sinne the carriage of a holy Saint. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxi. 211 Others have so scornfull a carriage. 1697W. Dampier Voy. xiii. (1698) 372 A pretty ingenious young man..of a very civil carriage and behaviour. 1741Middleton Cicero II. vii. 6 Her husbands peevishness and churlish carriage. 1818Byron Juan i. lxvi, Her very prudent carriage.
b. Manner of acting to or towards others; treatment of others. arch.
1598Bacon Hypocrites, Ess. (Arb.) 117 Their..honest carriage towardes men. 1612― Faction ibid. 83 The even carriage betweene two factions, proceedeth not alwaies of moderation. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. x. (1686) 30 Who can but laugh at the carriage of Ammon unto Alexander? 1692South 12 Serm. (1697) I. 125 We have treated of men's carriage to Christ in this world. 1725De Foe Voy. round W. (1840) 158 The affectionate carriage of this poor woman to her infant. 1844Disraeli Coningsby iv. xii. 171 Lucretia's carriage towards her gave her little discomfort. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits vi. Manners Wks. (Bohn) II. 48 Nothing can be more delicate..than the courtship and mutual carriage of the sexes.
†c. (with pl.) An act of behaviour towards another. Obs.
1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. i. ix, In all which mutuall carriages, we ought to be guided by those respects which we could wish tendered to ourselves in the like occasions. 1682Bunyan Holy War 338 After some mutual carriages of love. 1684― Pilgr. ii. 6 All her unkind, unnatural, and ungodly carriages to her dear Friend.
15. a. Habitual conduct or behaviour. (Referring to morals or character.)
1588Thynne Let. in Animadv. (1865) Introd. 92 Makinge my actions the towchestone of the honest cariage of myself. 1648Herrick Hesper., Epit. sober Matron, With blamelesse carriage I liv'd here. 1712Steele Spect. No. 480 ⁋2 Something of their own Carriage they would exempt from Examination. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy (1802) I. vii. 14 A person of decent carriage. 1844Disraeli Coningsby ii. i. 50 That irregular and unsettled carriage of public men which so perplexed the nation.
b. Conduct or action in given circumstances.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1402/2 His fidelitie and good carriage in small things. 1634–46Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 217 His cariage in relation to Gowrie's Conspiracie. 1663Gerbier Counsel C iv a, Negotiations..wherein your Lordships carriage hath justly deserved the respects of those. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. ix. 409 Harold's energetic carriage in the Welsh campaign.
†c. Short for ‘good carriage’. (Also in sense 13.)
1618Fletcher Island P'cess ii. i, One without carriage or common sense. 1621H. Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (1870) 106 Protested his innocencye and carryage in that place. 1666Pepys Diary 27 Sept., She is poor in clothes, and not bred to any carriage.
†16. A piece of conduct; action; proceeding.
1609Tourneur Fun. Poems 120 His former carriages. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 244 All her actions & carriages are full of honor. 1696Stillingfl. Serm. iv. 159 Men, sober, just, humble and meek in all their carriages.
†17. Manner or way of conducting or managing (an affair). Obs.
1612Davies Why Ireland, &c. (1747) 9 Touching the carriage of the Martiall affaires from the seventeenth year, etc. 1658Bp. Reynolds Lord's Supp. xvii, To leave every man in the external carriages of his worship unto the conduct of his private fancy. 1683Evelyn Diary 13 July, Some dislike of the present carriage of matters at Court.
III. That which is carried.
†18.
a. Something carried; a burden, a load. Obs.
1458MS. Christ's Hosp., Abingdon in Dom. Archit. III. 41 For cartis with cariage may goo & come. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lv, Their horses with caryages entred in: and the two that came last [were] laden with coles. 1583Babington Commandm. (1590) 339 The pismire..whose many little cariages..make a great heape at last. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 27 The musket is a heauie cariage, and painfull to be handled. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts Ded. 5 When our backs be broak, they must take up the carriage. 1704Worlidge Dict. Rust. et Urb. s.v. Saddle, To keep the Portmanteau, or other Carriage off the Riders back.
b. A load, as a quantity definite or indefinite.
1596–7S. Finche in App. Hist. Croydon (1783) 152 We get in carriages of stone and bricke. 1704Worlidge Dict. Rust. et Urb. s.v., Carage of Lime is 64 Bushels. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 519 Bringing..carriages of lime.
c. fig. Burden, load.
a1553Udall Royster D. iii. ii, Mery Doth not love lade you? Cust. I feele no such cariage. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 3 Time Goes vpright with his carriage.
†19. Baggage. (Originally collect.; later often in pl.) Obs.
a. The portable equipment of an army, L. impedimenta; = baggage 2. Sometimes including the whole baggage-train.
1375Barbour Bruce viii. 275 The cariage..Behynd hym levyt he all still. a1400Morte Arth. 2282 They kaire to the karyage and take whate them likes. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 313 In the tyme of the batail al her cariage was stole be the Frenschmen. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 84/1 The cariage was dragging after the armie, and slenderlie manned. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. i. xi. (1622) 21 The carriages inclosed in the middest [mediis impedimentis]. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. iv. 43 The King..had sent his maine Army to conduct the Carriages. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xvii. 22 Dauid left his cariage in the hand of the keeper of the cariage. 1644Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 130 His carriage could not pass. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 116 To burn their Carriages and Tents.
b. Movable or portable property; baggage or luggage carried with one on a journey, etc.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xix. (1495) 778 The camell is..gode..to bere charge and caryage of men. c1425Three Kings Cologne 40 Euery kyng..had with hym his cariage, þat is to seye beestys, as oxen and schepe and oþer beestis þat longeth to mannys lyuyng and sustynaunce. 1563Foxe A. & M. (1583) 988 This Cardinall [Wolsey]..hauing in his cariage lxxx wagons. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 94 Constrained at euery baite to take downe my carriages and lift them up againe on sundry horses backs. 1611Bible Acts xxi. 15 We tooke vp our cariages, & went vp to Hierusalem. 1655Francion ix. 2 A little waggon..to be made here, to put my Carriages in it, which is too heavy for my Sumpter-horse. 1743R. Poole Journ. France & Holl. (1744) I. 200, I would greatly have lessen'd my Carriage, and my expence also thereby.
†20. Leaves and branches carried away by a stag with his antlers when passing through a thicket or wood. Obs.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 684 If the Hart be tall and large, the cariages will also be somewhat large.
†21. Meaning carried by words; burden, import, purport, bearing. Obs.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 94 By the same cov'nant And carriage of the article design'd. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 367 This was the question, as appeareth by the whole carriage of the former chapter. 16..Time's Store-ho. 112 (L.) The Hebrew text hath no other carriage.
IV. Means of carrying.
* In general use.
†22. collect. Means of conveyance. Obs.
c1450Merlin x. 144 On the tother side come all the cariage of the londe, and brought vitaile. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. Introd. 16 Knowing languages to be the carryage of knowledge. 1710Act 9 Anne xi.[x.] §6 Letters and Packets, passing or repassing by the Carriage called the Penny-Post. 1800Wellington Let. in Gurw. Disp. I. 104 To proceed with that quantity for which they have at present carriage.
†23. A vehicle or means of conveyance of any kind. Obs. exc. in wheel carriage; = next.
15..Dk. Northumb. Household Bk. xlix. (1827) 386 Ther shall be a Caryage apontide at every Remevall for the Cariage of my Lordes Childre Stuff. 1665G. Havers P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 90 One of those Carriages which the Portugals call Rete..a net of cords ty'd at the head and feet, and hanging down from a great Indian Cane. 1740Johnson Drake Wks. IV. 441 The most useful animals of this country..serving as carriages over rocks and mountains. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 23 Apr., The poor chair⁓men and their carriages. Ibid. 26 Apr., Coaches, chaises, chairs, and other carriages. 1776Adam Smith W.N. (1869) II. v. i. 307 A high way, a bridge, a navigable canal, may..be..made and maintained by a small toll upon the carriages that make use of them. 1786Burns Inventory, Wheel carriages I hae but few, Three carts..ae auld wheelbarrow. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) III. 94 No wheel-carriage rolls this morning in these streets.
†24. A wheeled vehicle generally. Obs. or arch.
1560Whitehorne Arte Warre (1588) 41 Euery ten men of armes, should haue fiue carriages. 1611Cotgr., Charroy, a cart, or other cariage. 1693Pittington Vestry Bk. (Surtees) 210 For mending the church gate that carriages comes in at, 2s. 6d. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4935/4 Wheels of all manner of Carriages. 1741Act 14 George II, xlii. §5 Carts, waggons, or other carriages, employed only about Husbandry, or carrying of only Cheese, Butter, Hay, Straw, Corn. 1757Gentl. Mag. 528 Laws..for..regulating the drivers of carriages within this city [London].
25. A wheeled vehicle for conveying persons, as distinct from one for the transport of goods. Often in comb., as hackney-carriage, railway-carriage, travelling-carriage, etc. spec. ellipt. for railway-carriage.
1706Phillips, Carriage, also a kind of cover'd or close waggon. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xi, The master of the waggon..fearing the captain and his lady would take umbrage and leave his carriage, etc. 1751― Per. Pic. lii. (heading), The whole company set out for Ghent in the Diligence..Our Hero is captivated by a Lady in that Carriage. 1830E. Grosvenor Jrnl. Aug. (1965) vi. 127 There were 3 steam engines and carriages attached to each. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iv. v, Monsieur in a commonplace travelling carriage is off Northwards. 1859Carriage Builders' & Harness Makers' Art Jrnl. I. 66/1 A train started from Worcester at half-past three, p.m., and consisted of six carriages with an engine and tender. 1875Echo 29 Oct., The Supervisor of Excise..said that the word ‘carriage’ as defined by the Act of Parliament, meant any vehicle not used for carrying merchandise or any kind of goods. 1884M. E. Braddon Ishmael xxix, Lolling in the corner of a railway carriage. 1921A. Huxley Crome Yellow i. 2 What right had he to sit in the sunshine, to occupy corner seats in third-class carriages, to be alive? 1958J. Betjeman Coll. Poems 265 The train at Pershore station was waiting that Sunday night Gas light on the platform, in my carriage electric light.
26. spec. A wheeled vehicle kept for private use for driving in; especially an elegant four-wheeled vehicle having accommodation for four persons inside, and drawn by two or more horses. carriage and pair: one drawn by a pair of horses.
This use began about the middle of the 18th c.; coach was the word in earlier use.
[1741Act 14 Geo. II, xlii. §5 The covered Carriages of noblemen and Gentlemen for their private use.] 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 24 May, The postilion behind, endeavouring to stop the carriage. 1794W. Felton (title), A Treatise on Carriages, comprehending Coaches, Chariots, Phætons, Curricles, Gigs, Whiskies, etc. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair viii, A carriage and four splendid horses. 1879Times 27 Aug., The party drove off in a carriage and pair. 1884M. E. Braddon Ishmael xxix, I wonder that you can drive in an open carriage in such weather.
** In technical use.
27. The wheeled support on which a piece of ordnance is mounted; a gun-carriage.
1560Whitehorne Arte Warre (1588) 97 To make the carriage of the artillery, with the spokes of y⊇ wheele crooked. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (J.), He commanded the great ordnance to be laid upon carriages, which before lay bound in great unweildy timber. 1706Phillips, Carriages for Pieces of Ordinance, a kind of long, narrow Carts, each made to the proportion of the Gun it is to carry. 1776W. Heath in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 278, I should be glad to have the carriages for the four pounders sent forward. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., s.v. Cannon, The gun is mounted on a steel carriage weighing 15 tons.
28. Carriage-building. The wheeled framework which supports the body of a coach or similar vehicle (see quot. 1794).
1761Official Descr. Royal State Coach, The whole of the carriage and body is richly ornamented. 1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 39 Its [carriage's] meaning is frequently confined to the under part only, on which the body is placed. Ibid. 40 All four-wheeled carriages are divided into two parts—the upper and under carriage. The upper is the main one, on which the body is hung; the under carriage is the conductor, and turns by means of a lever..The hind wheels are placed on the upper part; the fore wheels on the under.
29. Applied to various mechanical contrivances which move and carry some part of a machine.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 114/1 (Several Parts of a Press) The Carriage, is the sliding Plank on which the Marble Stone is laid. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metals II. 229 The type carriage is caused to move steadily along. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 395/2 From seven hundred to nine hundred spindles..arranged upon the ‘carriage’, or movable part of the mule.
30.
†a. The loop attached to the sword-belt, through which one passed his sword. Obs. (Perh. only an affectation.)
1602Shakes. Ham. v. ii. 161 Ham. What call you the Carriages? Osr. The Carriages, Sir, are the hangers. Ham. The phrase would bee more Germaine to the matter; If we could carry Cannon by our sides.
b.1847–78Halliwell, Carriage, a belt which carries a whetstone behind a mower. (Var. dial.) 1879in G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk.
31. Agric. An artificial channel for conveying water for irrigation, drainage, etc. Obs. or dial. (Cf. carrier 5.)
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. iii. §2 (1681) 22 Let the main Carriage narrow by degrees, and so let it narrow till the end, that the Water may press into the lesser Carriages, that issue all along from the main. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 356 Smaller carriages or trenches 40 or 50 yards asunder. 1704Worlidge Dict. Rust. et Urb. s.v. Drains, The lesser Drains must be made among the Carriages in the lowest places. 1885Hampsh. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Carriage, a drain, water carriage.
32. a. = bearing n. 12. b. A rail-chair.
1788Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LXXIX. 3 A piece of brass, or brass carriage, made to fit upon the vertical part of the meridian..This piece of brass carries the spindle. 1816Specif. Losh & Stephenson's Patent No. 4067. 6 The half lap joinings of the rails c, c placed in their carriages.
c. Arch. ‘The timber framework on which the steps of a wooden staircase are supported’ (Gwilt).
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 188 This additional wood-work, which is necessary to the firmness and durability of the construction, is called the carriage of the stairs.
†33. = portage. Obs. Also attrib.
1690H. Kelsey Papers (1929) 2 Through Rivers wch run strong with falls [there were] thirty three Carriages five lakes in all. 1744A. Dobbs Hudson's Bay 34 The River..having about 30 Falls..where they must carry their Canoes. Two or three of them are Carriages of a League or two. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Carriage is also used to denote a space of ground, over which the inhabitants of New France, and other colonies of North America..are obliged to carry their boats and provisions. 1775J. Melvin Jrnl. (1857) 10 The carriage-place is about a mile in length.
V. Attributively, and in Combination.
34. General:
†a. (used for carrying), as carriage-beast, carriage-bier, carriage-bullock, carriage cattle, etc.;
†b. (concerned with the baggage), as carriage-man, carriage-master;
c. (referring to vehicles, senses 23–26, esp. 26), as carriage-blind, carriage-break, carriage-builder, carriage-building, carriage-clock, carriage-door, carriage-exercise, carriage-frame, carriage-head, carriage-ladder, carriage-lamp, carriage-road, carriage-spring, carriage-tax, carriage-top, carriage-wheel, carriage-window.
1548Thomas Ital. Gram., Giumente, any *cariage beastes. 1623Bingham Xenophon 28 Lay your baggage vpon the carriage-beasts.
a1825Gay Goshawk xi. in Child Ballads iv. xcvi. (1886) 362/2 Rise up..And make her *carriage-bier.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. i. iv. 33 Pull up your *carriage-blinds.
1803Wellington Let. in Gurw. Disp. I. 399 Every *carriage Bullock..should have a saddle.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 113 Used for striking the hours on in..*carriage clocks.
1860W. G. Clark Vacat. Tour 53 Like a *carriage-lamp.
1375Barbour Bruce viii. 275 The *cariage-men and the pouerale.
1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. iii. 110 The *cariage-maister is to furnish him with cartes and cariages.
1798Southey Eng. Eclog. 1, A *carriage road That sweeps conveniently from gate to gate. 1869Phillips Vesuv. viii. 208 Wide enough for a broad carriage-road. 1869Nicholson Zool. xliii. (1880) 390 In many Brachiopods the arms are supported upon a more or less complicated internal calcareous framework or skeleton..sometimes called the ‘carriage-spring apparatus’.
1887Spectator 5 Mar. 318/1 Carriage-builders and others interested in the *Carriage-tax. 1853Douglas Milit. Bridges vii. 359 A very good substitute for a capstan may be formed of a carriage wheel. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 70 Two centuries ago..the carriage wheels ran on wooden axles.
35. Special comb.: carriage-bridge, a military bridge running on wheels; carriage-company, people who keep private carriages; carriage-coupling, the coupling for uniting the fore and hind carriages of a four-wheeled vehicle, or for connecting the fore-carriage with the body; carriage-cradle, a luggage-rack; carriage dog, a coach-dog, a Dalmatian dog; carriage-drive, the roadway for carriages in private grounds, parks, etc.; carriage-folk = carriage-company; carriage free a., free of charge for conveyance; used esp. as advb. phr.; carriage-guard, a guard to prevent the fore-wheels of a carriage from rubbing against the body in turning sharp round; † carriage-gun, a gun mounted on a carriage; carriage-horse, † (a) a horse used for carrying purposes; (b) one that runs in a carriage; carriage-house, a coach-house; carriage-lady (cf. carriage-company); carriage-lock, a brake for a carriage; carriage-lubricator, a self-acting contrivance for oiling a carriage wheel-box and axle; carriage paid a. (with hyphen) and advb. phr., for which the cost of carrying has been paid; carriage-piece, one of the slanting pieces forming the support of the steps of a wooden stair-case, a string-piece (see 32 c); carriage-step, a step or set of folding steps fixed below the door of a carriage; carriage trade, (a) the trade of conveyance, carrying-trade; (b) trade or custom from those who use carriages, i.e. from the wealthy (Webster 1909); transf. (colloq.), wealthy people collectively; carriage-way, that part of roads, etc. open to, or intended for, vehicular traffic; cf. dual carriageway.
1853Douglas Milit. Bridges vi. 277 Neither bateaux, pontoons, nor *carriage-bridges can be conveyed.
1833Chamb. Jrnl. No. 72. 155 Affluent merchants and tradesmen..vulgarly denominated *carriage company. 1855Thackeray Newcomes ix. (D.) No phrase more elegant and to my taste than that in which people are described as ‘seeing a great deal of carriage-company’.
1866Chambers's Jrnl. 28 July 466, I saw [him] clutch at the *carriage-cradle above his head, as though it would have relieved his mind to climb.
1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1863) 221 The very *carriage-dog, Sancho, was individualized.
1863M. E. Braddon J. Marchmont (Hoppe), A wretched equestrian making his way along the *carriage-drive.
1819C. Brown Let. 24 Jan. in Lett. of Keats (1931) II. 302 The whole of the family are shuffling to *carriage folks for acquaintances, cutting their old friends. 1952W. de la Mare in N.Y. Times 7 Sept. vii. 30/2 They were carriage-folk, and thoroughly genteel.
1769J. Wedgwood Let. 11 Nov. (1965) iii. 83 He delivers them safe, and *carriage free to London. 1873Young Englishwoman IV. 131/2 The Little Yankee Sewing Machine..is delivered carriage free.
1742Woodroofe in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. ii. xvii. 76 The ship..having six *carriage guns of three pounders. 1804A. Duncan Trident I. 261 A French privateer..mounted 10 carriage guns and 9 swivels.
1596Danett tr. Comines 333 Their Estradiots tooke all our *carriage horses. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. lvii. 381 The Carriage-Horse attending the Army seem serviceable.
1761in F. H. Stewart Notes on Old Gloucester County, N.J. (1917) I. 316 Their fine *carriage house is finished and painted. 1883Roe in Harper's Mag. Dec. 43/1 The drive passed to an old-fashioned carriage-house.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. vii. v. (D.) No *carriage-lady..but must dismount in the mud roads..and walk.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. I. p. xv, I have sent an Almanack..directed for him at Mr. Sutton's, bookseller, in Gloucester, *carriage paid. 1869Trollope He knew, etc. II. lviii. 68 A parcel..sent by the railway, carriage paid. 1894Daily News 13 Nov. 5/4 Carriage-paid tickets, with which the carriage of letters for any place within the capital could be prepaid. 1970Observer 29 Mar. 31/6 Tubular steel fruit cages... Immediate despatch. Carriage paid.
1848Dickens Dombey III. 211 (Hoppe), I put up the *carriage-steps.
1719T. Gordon Cordial Low Spir. 274 These advantages..will give us all the *carriage trade of the Mediterranean. 1958Spectator 25 July 136/3 For the carriage trade there is still polished mahogany.
1800Act 39 & 40 Geo. III c. 47 §1 Where there is a regular Continuation of *Carriage Way Pavement from either of the said Cities. 1833Act 3–4 Will. IV, xlvi. §116 Whenever the width of the carriageway in such street..will allow thereof. 1875Poste Gaius iv. §3 A right of horse-way or carriage-way through his land. 1957Times 3 Dec. 7/7 Although the 16ft. carriageway is marked as two 8ft. lanes, in practice many of the larger lorries occupy more than one lane, so that the traffic at this point is often reduced to a single line.
Hence ˈcarriageful, as much or as many as a carriage will hold. ˈcarriageless a., without carriage. ˈcarriagewards adv., towards a carriage.
1837Marryat Olla Podr. xxxii, A carriagefull of children. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton xviii. 244 A carriageful of luggage. 1861Trafford City & Suburb. I. 284 Accordingly, carriageless John Perman was..fain to hand his sister..into a Tottenham omnibus. 1871Daily News 23 Feb., Some men hurrying carriagewards.
Add:[35.] carriage return, the operation of returning the carriage of a typewriter to its rightmost position, setting the type guide at the left margin (usu. in conjunction with a line-feed); hence, an analogous process on other equipment, esp. in Computing; freq. used attrib. of the device or mechanism that effects this, as carriage-return key, carriage return lever, etc.; cf. *return n. 13 c.
1904Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 19 Jan. 572/2 (heading) *Carriage-return for type-writers. 1912A. W. Mathys Brit. Pat. 29,297 8 When carriage return magnet S2 is energized, actuator rod 262 is pushed downwardly. 1929Encycl. Brit. XXII. 645/1 Among its [sc. the Remington's] original features which remain standard in 1928 machines are the paper cylinder, with its line-spacing and carriage-return mechanism. 1962Which? Dec. 353 (caption) Carriage locking lever..Carriage return lever..Carriage release lever. 1981Osborne CP/M User Guide ii. 45 Typing Control-M is exactly the same as pressing the Carriage Return key. 1982Papers Dict. Soc. N. Amer. 1979 86 For more detail, I punch ‘carriage return’ and discover 8 titles.
Add:[V.] [35.] carriage release, the facility for allowing the carriage of a manual typewriter to move freely (as opposed to one space at a time); also, a lever which effects this.
1904Typist's Rev. Jan. 83/1 The marginal stops, the warning bell, the *carriage release..all is new. 1954Crooks & Dawson Dict. Typewriting (ed. 6) 47 The carriage-release lever is useful when the machine is not fitted with a tabulator, for moving quickly from one column to another. |