| 释义 |
carrion, n. (and a.)|ˈkærɪən|
Forms: α. 3 caroine, caronye, (charoine), 4–5 caroigne, -oygne, -oyne, 5 karoyne, -oigne; β. 4 caraing, 4–5 careyn(e, kareyne, 4–6 carayne, 5 caranye, 5–6 careine, 6 caraine, carrayne, -eyne, karreine, 6–7 carraine; γ. 4 karyn, 4–6 caren, caryn(e, 6 carrine, 6–7 carren, carring, 7 carran; δ. 4 karyun, 4–6 cariune, caryon(e, 4–8 carion, 5 caryonne, 5–6 caryen, carien, carrien, carryon, cariong, 6–7 carian, 6– carrion.
[ME. caronye, caroine, a. ONF. caˈronië, later caroine, caroigne, in central OF. charoigne (mod.F. charogne, and in other sense carogne, Picard carone, carongne) = Pr. caronha, It. carogna, Sp. carroña, pointing to a Romanic type *carōnia, supposed to be a deriv. of caro flesh, but not regularly formed on the stem carn-. The phonetic history of the English β. and δ. forms is obscure.]
A. n.
†1.
a. A dead body; a corpse or carcass. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 84 Þe bacbitare..bekeð mid his blake bile o cwike charoines as þe þet is þes deofles corbin of helle. 1297R. Glouc. 265 [They] slowe..eyȝte hondred & fourty men, & her caronyes [v.r. caroines] to drowe. a1300Cursor M. 22906 Ded þar gun his [a lion's] caroigne [v.r. carion, caroyne, careyn] li. c1308Pol. Songs (1839) 203 A vilir caraing nis ther non. 1382Wyclif Hebr. iii. 17 Whos careyns ben cast down in desert. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1157 The careyne [v.r. careyn, caroyne, karoigne, caroigne] in the busk with throte ycorue. c1440Promp. Parv. 61 Caranye or careyn, cadaver. 1494Fabyan v. cxxiv. 102 Y⊇ cource of the riuer was let by the multitude of the caryens or dede bodyes. 1590L. Lloyd Diall Daies Oct. 51 The raven..returned not, but fed upon the carrens. c1645Howell Lett. I. i. xx, Dogs which..eat the Carrens. 1718Free-thinker No. 47. 342 The Raven..stay'd to prey upon the Carrions of the Dead. 1763C. Johnston Reverie II. 235 They all flocked about him, croaking like so many ravens about a carrion.
†b. = Applied to a dead man or corpse that ‘walks’ or returns to earth. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (1840) 143 Blissid Austyn the careyn gan compelle, ‘In Jhesu name..What that thu art trewly for to telle’. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 174/3 Thenne the caryon broughte hym thyder to the graue.
2. a. Dead putrefying flesh of man or beast; flesh unfit for food, from putrefaction or inherently.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6544 Þo ne vond he atte laste Noȝt of hom bote caroyne. a1340Hampole Psalter cxlvi. 10 Þe deuyl..fedis þaim wiþ karyun. c1400Destr. Troy 1972 Caste vnto curres as caren to ete. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vii, Whan a beast is tourned to careine. c1510More Picus Wks. 25 Vile carein and wretched wormes meate. 1557North Gueuara's Diall Pr. (1619) 698/2 The wormes in carring. 1791Wolcott (P. Pindar) Remonstr. Wks. 1812 II. 457 Like flies in Carrion. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 127 The vulture..feeds on putrid carrion.
†b. ? = Death. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden iv. xxxiii, Þerof cometh tweie manere of careyns, for we beeþ i-slowe wiþ wepoun, oþer we beeþ adreent. [Hence 1494 in Fabyan.] 1481Caxton Myrr. i. v. 18 They come the sooner to their ende and to carayne.
3. transf.
a. Used (contemptuously) of a living human body; cf. carcass (? obs.).
†b. The fleshly nature of man, ‘the flesh’ in the Pauline sense (obs.).
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 331 Ne noyther sherte ne shone..To keure my caroigne. a1450Knt. de la Tour xxvii. (1868) 39 To aorne suche a carion as is youre body. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.) i. xxxv. 31 a, To leue thy careyne and folowe Ihesu Cryste. 1549Compl. Scotl. xvii. 154 Our carions ande corporal natur..is baytht vile ande infekkit. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. i. 38 Shy. My owne flesh and blood to rebell. Sol. Out vpon it old carrion, rebels it at these yeeres. 1832H. Martineau Demerara ii. 27 Much good may your tender mercies do your carrion.
†4. Used (contemptuously) of a living person, as no better than carrion. Obs.
1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) x. §1 It were better for a woman to be barren Than to bring forth a vile wicked carren. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 130 Priests and Cowards, and men Cautelous, Old feeble Carrions. 1661Pepys Diary 15 Sept., Pegg Kite..will be..a troublesome carrion to us executors.
†5. Used of animals: sometimes app. in sense ‘noxious beast’, ‘vermin’; sometimes merely ‘poor, wretched, or worthless beast’. Obs.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 142 The euill creatures ben wors than serpentes, lyons or caraynes. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 119 Daws ar carren. 1573Tusser Husb. xvi. (1878) 35 Let carren & barren be shifted awaie, For best is the best, whatsoever you paie. 1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. i. vi, The beasts of offence be Squunckes, Ferrets, Foxes. Ibid. i. viii, Having shewed you the most offensive carrions that belong to our Wildernesse. a1639W. Whately Prototypes i. xix. (1640) 227 They [dogs and monkeys] be paltry carrions.
6. fig. Anything vile or corrupt; † corrupt mass; ‘garbage’, ‘filth’.
1524S. Fish Supplic. Begg. 18 Declaring suche an horrible carayn of euyll ageinst the ministres of iniquite. 15971st Pt. Return Parnass. v. i. 1455, I woulde prove it upon that carrion of thy witt. 1845Carlyle Cromwell (1873) I. 21 Flunkyism, falsity and other carrion ought to be buried! 1870Emerson Soc. & Sol., Courage Wks. (Bohn) III. 113 Melancholy sceptics with a taste for carrion, who batten on the hideous facts in history. 1879Froude Cæsar xxiii. 402 note, Roman fashionable society hated Cæsar, and any carrion was welcome to them which would taint his reputation.
B. attrib. passing into adj.
1. a. Consisting of, or pertaining to, corrupting flesh. (Usually with some notion of contempt.)
a1535More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 101 No man findeth fault, but carrieth his carien corse into y⊇ quere, and..burieth y⊇ body boldly at the hie alter. 1583Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 77 A stincking Foule carrayne sauoure. c1613Rowlands More Knaves 30 Some carion beast, Whereon the Rauens and the crowes doe feast. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 454 The carrion-remains should be entombed only in the bowels of vultures and dogs.
†b. As an epithet of Death personified; also of Charon. Obs.
1566W. Adlington Apuleius 62 Deliver to carraine Charon one of the halfepens, which thou bearest, for thy passage. 1587Mirr. Mag. Q. Cordila xlvii. 4 By hir elbowe carian death for me did watch. 1576Parad. Daynty Dev. (N.) Seeing no man then can death escape..We ought not feare his carraine shape. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vii. 63 A carrion death, Within whose emptie eye there is a written scroule.
2. Applied in contempt to the living human body, as no better than carrion (cf. 3).
1537Surr. Northampton Priory in Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot (1679) 36 In continual ingurgitations and farcyngs of our carayne Bodies. 1563Homilies ii. Excess Appar. (1859) 316 Why pamperest thou that carreyne flesh so hye? 1577Stanyhurst Desc. Irel. in Holinshed VI. 14 By the imbalming of their carian soules with the sweet and sacred flowers of holie writ. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. i. 71 For euery scruple Of her contaminated carrion weight.
3.
†a. Carrion-lean, skeleton-like. Obs.
b. Rotten; vile, loathsome; expressing disgust.
1565Harding Confut. Apol., Ye will haue your spiritual Bankets so leane and Carrien. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Eslance, as chevaux eslancez, carren horses. 1645–6Evelyn Diary 28 Jan., My base, unlucky, stiffnecked trotting carrion mule. 1653H. Cogan Pinto's Trav. xxii. §3. 79 Mounted on horses, or to say better, on lean carrion Tits that were nothing but skin and bone. 1826in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 82 The foul, the stinking, the carrion baseness, of the fellows that call themselves ‘country gentlemen’. 1867N. & Q. Ser. iii. XI. 32/2 Then she called me all sorts o' carrion names.
C. Comb.
a. attributive with sense ‘having to do with, feeding on carrion’, as carrion-bird, carrion-chafer, carrion-fly, carrion-hawk, carrion-kite, carrion-raven, carrion-vulture;
b. objective and instrumental, as carrion-feeder, carrion-nosing ppl. adj., carrion-strewn pa. pple.;
c. similative, as carrion-like adj. or adv., carrion-scented ppl. adj. Also carrion-beetle, any beetle of the family Silphidæ, which feed on carrion; carrion-flower, a name for the genus Stapelia, also for Smilax herbacea, from the scent of their blossoms; † carrion-lean a., lean as a wasting corpse or skeleton; fig. meagre, very deficient; † carrion-row, a place where inferior meat or offal was sold. Also carrion crow.
1817Kirby & Spence Entomol. II. xxi. 242 Those unclean feeders, the *carrion beetles (Silphæ, L.)..are at the same time very fetid. 1959E. F. Linssen Beetles I. 159 Burying beetles, carrion beetles, rove beetles, etc.
1839Thirlwall Greece III. 137 Neither dogs, nor *carrion-birds, would touch them..so long as the pestilence lasted.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II. xxiv. 386 The *carrion-chafers, and others of the lamellicorn beetles.
1855J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Com. Life I. 332 The Stapelias are called *carrion-flowers because of the disagreeable putrid odours they exhale. 1852Thoreau Summer (1884) 1/23 The Smilax herbacea, carrion flower, a rank green vine..It smells exactly like a dead rat in the wall, and apparently attracts flies like carrion.
1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 114 The Oak, Ask, Woodcock, *Carion or Down hill fly comes on about the sixteenth of May. 1796Wolcott (P. Pindar) Sat. Wks. 1812 III. 395 Court-sycophants, the Carrion-flies. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. iv. i. 241 Larvæ of the carrion fly.
1581T. Howell Deuises (1879) 234 Art thou so fond, with *carren kyte to haunt.
1542Udall Erasm. Apophth. 245 b, Because it was so *caren leane. 1554J. Procter tr. Vincentius To Rdr., How owgle and carrion-lean ye are to se. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 135 So carrion leane in the knowledge of Scriptures. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 74 It is better to haue a declaration too copious then carion-leane. 1710Brit. Apollo III. 18. 2/1 He is so Carrion-lean.
1620Venner Via Recta viii. 189 It maketh them *carran⁓like leane.
1878Tennyson Q. Mary iv. iii. 171 The *carrion-nosing mongrel.
1589Cooper Admon. 140 As *carren Rauens flye..to stinking carcasses.
1728Swift Answ. Memorial Wks. 1755 V. ii. 173 The district in the several markets, called *carrion-row.
1829Scott Anne of G. ii, The huge *carrion vulture floated past him. |