| 释义 |
separatist, n. and a.|ˈsɛpərətɪst|
[f. separate a. or n. + -ist.]
A. n.
1. One who advocates ecclesiastical separation; one who belongs to a religious commmunity separated from the Church or from a particular church.
a. A member of any of the sects separated from the Church of England. In the 17th c. (hence in mod. use Hist., with capital S) applied chiefly to the Independents and those who agreed with them in rejecting all ecclesiastical authority outside the individual congregation. In later use an occasional hostile designation for Protestant dissenters in general.
1608Bernard Chr. Advert. 21 Disswasions from the way of the Separatists, as they haue principles by themselues, the grounds of their separation, commonly called Brownisme. 1620Alured in Gutch Coll. Cur. (1781) I. 176 Some ignorant itching Separatists seek to find..an hole in our coat and church. 1632–3Laud Diary 28 Feb., Wks. 1853 III. 217 Mr. Chancellor of London..brought me word how miserably I was slandered by some separatists. 1641F. Greville Eng. Episc. ii. vi. 90 The Church of England hath three maine Divisions; The Conformist, the Non-Conformist, and the Separatist. Ibid., The Separist is subdivided too as they say into Separatist and Semi-Separatist. 1645E. Pagitt Heresiogr. To Rdr. (ed. 2) D 2, The Brownists arrogate to themselves the name of Separatists, which well they may, being separated from their Mother Church, from all the Reformed Churches, and malitiously divided amongst themselves. a1734North Exam. ii. v. §65 (1740) 355 Do but observe what a persecuting Spirit, he bestows upon the Church of England, and the Members of it in general: when taken off the Papists, they diverted upon the Separatists. 1794Mrs. Piozzi Synonymy II. 317 Between the open invasions of the Romanists on the one hand, and the undermining subtleties of Separatists on the other. 1843Gladstone Glean. V. xcii. 79 The pious Separatists of our own Country. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India ii. xii. II. 575 Congregations were formed under the direction of separatists. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 279 They [Wesleyan methodists] ought more properly, perhaps, to be called separatists than dissenters. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 88 Every little congregation of separatists was tracked out and broken up. 1883Congregationalist 829 The Separatists were the true ancestors of modern Congregationalists.
b. gen. A schismatic, sectarian; also a member of a congregation not belonging to any recognized denomination.
1641Laud Answ. to Ld. Say Hist. etc. (1695) I. 501 The Name Separatist is a common Name to all Hereticks or Schismaticks, that separate for their Opinions sakes, either from the Catholick, or from any particular Orthodox Church. 1709Stanhope Paraphr. IV. 236 Finding some Reproofs in his First Epistle ineffectual he threatens these Separatists in his Second with the Censures of the Church. 1758Jortin Erasmus I. 255 To unite the Bohemian Separatists to the Church of Rome. 1793Statist. Acc. Scot. V. 109 Of the whole inhabitants [of Scoonie], there are not above 150 separatists from the established church. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 426 A small society of Separatists. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) II. 321 Others were separatists from the religion established around them. 1860J. Cairns Mem. J. Brown 169 The Relief Separatists, who arose twenty years after the Erskines..arrived at this conviction much sooner than any parties in the Secession. 1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 999 The estates of Count Wittgenstein, the refuge of all separatists and mystics.
transf.1859Rosse Index of Dates, Shiites, or Separatists, the name given to the Mohammedan sectaries, who venerate Ali as the rightful successor of the prophet.
c. Applied to those Wesleyan Methodists who in 1795–7 advocated separation from the Church of England.
1859T. P. Bunting Life Jabez Bunting I. vi. 87 The former class held strictly to Wesley's long and latest declaration, that his Preachers were mere Laymen.., while the Separatists either took the low ground of denying that the mere dispensation of the Sacraments implied any such assumption,..or [etc.].
d. U.S. A member of ‘a communistic religious society (disbanded in 1898) of German Protestant peasants, who separated from the state church of Germany, emigrated, and settled at Zoar, Ohio, in 1817; also known as Zoarites and the Zoar community’ (Webster, 1911).
1875Nordhoff Commun. Soc. U.S. 99 The Society of Separatists at Zoar.
e. ? Adopted as the designation of a particular sect.
1821Monthly Repos. Apr. 254/2 House of Commons April 12... Mr. J. Smith presented a petition from a body of Christian people, dissenters from the Protestant Church, residing in London, who were denominated ‘Separatists’.
f. A critic who ascribes the Iliad and the Odyssey or any portions of them to separate authors. Cf. separator 1.
1903A. Platt Iliad Bk. XVIII p. xiv, Even among the ancients..there was a set of people called χωρίζοντες or Separatists, who held that the Iliad and Odyssey were by different authors. 1976W. R. Johnson Darkness Visible 159 If I speak of things Homeric now as a separatist, now as a literal or oral unitarian, [etc.].
2. a. Often interpreted to mean: One who holds himself apart from others on the ground of superior piety. Hence used to render the etymological meaning of Pharisee.
1620E. Blount Horæ Subsec. 59 The Separatists, or Sanctified, as they terme themselves. 1624T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. x. (1625) 44 We may English them [sc. the Pharisees] Separatists. 1627Feltham Resolves ii. xx. (1628) 18 If I liue vertuously, and with pietie, the World will hate mee, as a Separatist. 1629Donne Serm. xlix. (1640) 494 Both these, the present Sadduce, the carnall Atheist, and the present Pharisee, the Separatist. a1652Brome Covent Gard. iv. i, A great Separatist that is now writing a book against playing at Barlibreak, moulding of Cocklebread, and such like prophane exercises. 1661South Serm. (1823) II. 336 So that the words amount to this, that St. Paul, before he was a Christian, was a rigid separatist. 1667Decay Chr. Piety xiii. §1, I am not as this publican, was, we know, the voice of the proud Pharisee, whose very name signifies separation, and our modern separatists do but echo the same note. 1833S. Hoole Disc. xii. 150 The acknowledged offender on whom this self-congratulating separatist looks down with scorn and abhorrence. 1866A. Harwood tr. De Pressensé's Jesus Christ i. iii. 83 The pious party, henceforward designated by the name of Pharisees, or separatists.
†b. (See quot.) Obs.
1645E. Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 2) 33 Separatists, a kind of Anabaptists so called, because they pretended to be separated from the world.
3. One who advocates political separation; applied, e.g. to the supporters of the secession of the Southern States from the United States in 1860–61, and (by opponents) to the advocates of Home Rule for Ireland.
1871Daily News 21 Sept., The Reichsrath..declared that the Potocki Ministry was throwing itself too plainly into the arms of separatists. 1885Daily Tel. 9 Sept. (Cassell), The Separatists know..that they have nothing to expect either from the Radical or the Whig section of the Liberal party. 1886R. Churchill Sp. at Manch. 3 Mar., (1889) II. 23 Members of that party might be known as Unionists. Our opponents are the party of separation, and they may be known as ‘Separatists’. 1886Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Aug. 6/1 the majority of the Separatists—as the Times delights to call those who voted for the second reading [of the Home Rule Bill]. 1887Spectator 2 July 888/2 ‘Separatist’ simply describes what Unionists believe must be the outcome of Home-rule.
4. nonce-use. A causer of separation.
18..M. Arnold (Webster 1911), Science has and will long have to be a divider and separatist, breaking arbitrary and fanciful connections.
B. attrib. (quasi-adj.) and adj. That is a separatist; pertaining to, consisting of, or characteristic of separatists.
a. In ecclesiastical sense (see A. 1, 2).
1830Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 392 The same formularism..will always much more appear in the smaller separatist parties.
b. In political sense (see A. 3).
1864Realm 6 Apr. 1 The Hungarian regiments are composed of men..in no way interested in any revolutionary or separatist designs of the latter [Magyars]. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 168 The tendency of the Greek States, in spite of their separatist leanings. 1886Nat. Rev. Mar. 83 The Separatist movement conducted by Mr. Parnell. 1887Chamberlain Sp. 15 Apr. Sp. Irish Question (1890) 25 The organ of the Separatist party. 1901N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 204 A man who saw that the future of the United States hinged on the one question, whether the national should prevail over the separatist principle. |