| 释义 |
‖ catharsis Med.|kəˈθɑːsɪs|
Also katharsis.
[mod.L., a. Gr. κάθαρσις cleansing, purging, f. καθαίρειν to cleanse, purge, f. καθαρός clean.]
a. Purgation of the excrements of the body; esp. evacuation of the bowels.
1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 418 Causing vomiting, catharsis, or diabetes. 1875H. Wood Therap. (1879) 449 The production of catharsis is the surest mode of relief in general dropsy.
b. The purification of the emotions by vicarious experience, esp. through the drama (in reference to Aristotle's Poetics 6). Also more widely.
[1867J. A. Symonds Let. 22 Aug. (1967) I. 751 The world desiderates now..a trilogy, whereof the whole third part shall exhibit ‘the height, the space, the gloom, the glory’, of ultimate final and perfect κάθαρσις.] 1872G. S. Morris tr. Ueberweg's Hist. Phil. I. i. 179 Aristotle can not have meant..to exclude from among the effect of the Tragedy, its effect as..ethical discipline. With the ‘Catharsis’..are..joined..the other effects of the same,—the latter effects flow from the ‘Catharsis’. 1897Costelloe & Muir tr. Zeller's Philos. Greeks II. xv. 311/2 According to Aristotle there is a kind of music which produces a catharsis, although it possesses no ethical value..—namely, exciting music. 1904Dowden Browning 289 Balaustion, stricken at heart, yet feels that this tragedy of Athens brings the tragic katharsis. 1920D. H. Lawrence Touch & Go iii. i. 72 It's a cleansing process—like Aristotle's Katharsis. We shall hate ourselves clean at last, I suppose. 1924L. Cooper Aristotelian Theory Com. 180 Aristotle..would recognize some sort of catharsis, and the resultant pleasure, to be the proper end of comedy. 1924W. B. Selbie Psychol. Relig. 159 There may..be cases where experiences of this kind produce a moral catharsis which has good results. 1959Chamber's Encycl. I. 592/1 The word catharsis (purgation), in which he [sc. Aristotle] summed up the emotional effect of tragedy, has also received much fanciful interpretation; in reality it is a medical term, with no directly moral or spiritual implications.
c. Psychotherapy. The process of relieving an abnormal excitement by re-establishing the association of the emotion with the memory or idea of the event which was the first cause of it, and of eliminating it by abreaction.
1909A. A. Brill in Freud's Sel. Papers Hysteria 6 The German abreagiren..has different shades of meaning, from defense reaction to emotional catharsis. 1951J. C. Flugel Hundred Years Psychol. (ed. 2) viii. 280 The mere bringing back and discussing of memories..which Freud and Breuer called subsequently ‘abreaction’ or ‘catharsis’. |