| 释义 |
series|ˈsɪəriːz, formerly ˈsɪərɪiːz|
Pl. (8–) series, (7– 8, rare in 9) serieses, (7–8) series's.
[a. L. seriēs row, chain, series, f. ser-ĕre to join, connect. Cf. F. série, It., Sp., Pg. serie.]
I. General senses.
1. A number or set of material things of one kind ranged in a line, either contiguously or at more or less regular intervals; a range or continued spatial succession of similar objects; † in early use applied to a row of building.
1611Coryat Crudities 454 A very faire architectonical Machine..in which are three degrees, whereof each contayneth a faire Statue... At the very toppe of this rowe or series of worke is errected a most excellent effigies of a Cocke. Ibid. 636 A faire front of building... Which front or series extendeth it selfe in a goodly length. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 163 For five hundred paces it every way gives a series of all sorts of Persian fruits and flowers. 1812Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) I. 191 In Oxfordshire, where I saw a landscape, or rather a series of landscapes, of singular beauty. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Aristocracy Wks. (Bohn) II. 81 The series of squares called Belgravia. 1872H. C. Wood Fresh-w. Algæ 68 Cells mostly arranged in a simple or double series in the filament.
2. a. A number of things of one kind (chiefly immaterial, as events, actions, conditions, periods of time) following one another in temporal succession, or in the order of discourse or reasoning.
1618Chapman Hesiod's Georg. ii. 455 The noisome gales,..that incense the seas And raise together in one series Ioues Autumne dashes. 1646Howell Lewis XIII, 20 So was his whole life attended with a series of good successes. 1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. 1 All men can reason to some degree,..but where there is need of a long series of Reasons, there most men wander out of the way. 1663Power Exp. Philos. ii. 122 The Series and Chain of our former Experiments. 1709Felton Diss. Classics (1718) 188 The worst Province an Historian can fall upon, is a Series of barren Times, in which nothing remarkable happeneth. 1765W. Ward Grammar iv. iv. 167 Several participles cannot conveniently be used so as to affect every part of long serieses of words immediately. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 514/1 These different heights of tide are observed to succeed each other in a regular series... This series is completed in about 15 days... Two serieses are completed in the exact time of a lunation. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. i. vi, What a hoping People he had, judge by the fact, and series of facts, now to be noted. 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. x. 242 These Commandments occupy a great place in a series of Divine revelations. 1886Act 49 & 50 Vict. c. 44 §13 That the repayment of the money to be borrowed should be spread over a series of years.
with pl. concord.1864Babbage Passages 46 Another series of experiments were..made. 1871Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. Ser. i. 245 A complex series of historic facts do not usually fit so neatly into the moral formula.
b. A number of persons in succession holding the same office or having some characteristic in common. † Also, a succession of persons in descent, a family line.
1625T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. v. 15 Aaron, and those that issued from his loynes, (in whom the series of Priests was continued). 1638Nabbes Totenham Court ii. i, To make the series of their Families Spread in so many glorious divisions. 1656Blount Glossogr., Series..an issue or descent of kindred. 1665G. Havers P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 26 Teimùr Lenk, though extracted from the noblest blood of the Kings, yet remote from the Royal Stock by a long series. 1712Addison Spect. No. 287 ⁋6 Look into the Historian I have mentioned, or into any Series of Absolute Princes. 1776Johnson in Boswell 16 Mar., Entails are good, because it is good to preserve in a country serieses of men, to whom the people are accustomed to look up as to their leaders. 1865G. Grote Plato I. iv. 134 Speusippus succeeded him..as teacher,..being succeeded..by Polemon, Krantor..and others in uninterrupted series.
†c. A catalogue, list. Obs.
1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. i. lxxx. (1674) 108 [They] made a long and exact Series of many abuses which reigned in that State. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 60 It is not my purpose to relate a series and catalogue of all the British Kings to the Saxon Monarchs.
†3.
a. A succession, sequence, or continued course (of action or conduct, of time, life, etc.). Obs.
1652Gaule Magastrom. 152 The series both of fate, and of fortune. 1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. (1682) 138 To devote the Series of their whole Life to the Divine honour. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth ii. vii. 251 The Series of Providence that was to follow in this Earth. Ibid. xi. 316 No long Series's of Providence. 1690Child Disc. Trade 190 After such a long series of time. 1725Pope Odyss. iii. 140 How trace the tedious series of our fate? 1772Burke Corr. (1844) I. 373 A more decent..and prudent series of proceeding. 1805T. Lindley Voy. Brazil 11 His life had been a series of industry. 1815Jane Austen Emma xxii, After a series of what had appeared to him strong encouragement.
†b. A continued state or spell. Obs.
1748Anson's Voy. i. x. 98 We had a series of as favourable weather, as could well be expected. Ibid. ii. i. 111 Those..who have endured a long series of thirst. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §149 A series of unsettled weather.
†4. The connected sequence (of discourse, writing, thought). Obs.
1631R. Brathwait Whimzies Ep. Ded., As the conceit may neither taste of too much lightnesse..nor the whole passage or series incline to too much dulnesse. 1646Crashaw Steps to Temple, Delights Muses 104 The plyant Series of her slippery song. 1661Boyle Physiol. Ess. (1669) 31 Not to look upon any thing as my Opinion or Assertion that is not deliver'd in the entire Series of my own Words. 1667–8S. Ward Infidelity (1670) 5 Reflecting..upon the Text as it lies in the Series of the Epistle. 1696Phillips, Series,..a continuation of Discourse. 1712Addison Spect. No. 549 ⁋1, I am engaged in this Series of Thought by a Discourse which I had..with..Sir Andrew Freeport.
†5. Order of succession; sequence. Obs.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xii. 312 Wee haue shewed the ancient Coines of the Britaines, and obserued a series thorow the Romanes succession. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Gov. Eng. ii. xxviii. 223 Nor [are] they good Historians, that will tell you the bare journall of Action without the Series of occasion. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. iii. §2 It seems impossible that any thing should really alter the series of things, without the same power which at first produced them. 1779Johnson L.P., Watts (1868) 450 The series of his works I am not able to deduce.
6. A number of magnitudes, degrees of some attribute, or the like, viewed as capable of being enumerated in a progressive order. Also, a set of objects of one kind, differing progressively in size or in some other respect, or having a recognized order of enumeration.
1786–8(title) A Series of [64] points of ancient history. 1818Accum Chem. Tests (ed. 2) 61 note, A series of these [test] tubes should be always ready at hand. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. ii. (1873) 41 These differences blend into each other by an insensible series.
II. Technical senses.
7. Math. A set of terms in succession (finite or infinite in number) the value of each of which is determined by its ordinal position according to a definite rule known as the law of the series; esp. a set of such terms continuously added together.
See arithmetical, geometrical, recurring, etc.
1671J. Gregory in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 224 Reducing all of them [sc. equations] to infinite serieses. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 739/1 Any one who is conversant in Series. 1750Phil. Trans. XLVII. 20 The operation, by having two or more series's to multiply into one another, becomes very troublesome. 1791Ibid. LXXXI. 148 The serieses deduced should converge. 1839R. Murphy Algebr. Equat. 92 Recurring Series have been much used..in the solution of algebraical equations. 1874Gross Algebra ii. 153 Summation of Series.
allusively.1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. ii. 59 To examine in detail the series, of which the computed sum betrays at once somewhere in the calculation so gross an error. 1853[Whewell] Plural. Worlds v. 76 We have here to build a theory without materials;—to sum a series of which every term, so far as we know, is nothing.
8. A set of coins, medals, etc. belonging to a particular epoch, locality, dynasty, or government. Also, a set of postage stamps, bank notes, etc., of a particular issue.
1697tr. Jobert's Knowl. Medals 28 A Gold or Silver series of Medals. 1697Evelyn Numismata 26 We begin with Heads, as best determining and guiding the Series. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 128 Among the many and particular Series's collected by him, he has 800 Medals of Colony's, 1500 Greek Coins, and 1200 Egyptian. 1808Pinkerton Ess. Medals I. 3 Serieses of Roman coins. 1867Philatelist I. 23/1 New series, 4 annas, light green. Ibid. 129/2 The stamps which were immediately adopted for the empire [sc. Mexico] were the ‘eagle’ series. 1876Mathews Coinage of World Introd. p. iii, A recently discovered series of Bactrian coins. 1879H. Phillips, jr. Addit. Notes upon Coins 3 The present medal is one of a series struck to commemorate this occurrence. 1907Lancet 16 Feb. 471/1 A fresh series of 5-franc notes is about to be issued.
9. a. A set of literary compositions having certain features in common, published successively or intended to be read in sequence; a succession of volumes or fascicules (of a periodical, the publications of a society, etc.) forming a set by itself (distinguished as first, second, etc. series). Also, in recent use, a succession of books issued by one publisher in a common form and having some similarity of subject or purpose; usually with a general title, as ‘the Clarendon Press Series’, ‘the Men of Letters Series’.
1711Addison Spect. No. 106 ⁋6 [The Chaplain] has digested them [sc. Sermons] into such a Series, that they follow one another naturally. (?)1791(title) A Series of original papers on that great National Subject, The improvement of the art of Ship-building. 1813Brydges (title) The Ruminator: containing a series of moral, critical and sentimental essays. 1832Scott Betrothed Introd., The Tales of the Crusaders was determined upon as the title of the following series of these Novels. 1889Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 1/1 Of all these serieses the ‘Men of Letters’ has, I suppose, been the most popular.
b. A set of radio or television programmes concerned with the same theme or having the same range of characters and broadcast in sequence.
1949Radio Times 15 July 15/1 Fifth talk in the series devoted to English and French writings on art. 1962Listener 11 Oct. 581/2 A series, Zero One, opened with an episode called Stone Face. 1974Radio Times 14 Mar. 18/1 Series consultant Charlie Gillett.
10. Nat. Sci. A group of individuals exhibiting similar characteristics or a constant relation between successive members: see quots.
1823H. J. Brooke Crystallogr. 100 When the sets of new planes..are so much extended as entirely to efface the primary planes, a series of entirely new solids will result. 1851Mantell Petrifactions ii. §3. 116 The entire series of phalangeals with the corresponding metatarsal of a..species of Dinornis. 1857A. Gray First Less. Bot. (1866) 177 The upper Series or grade of Flowering or Phænogamous Plants, which have their counterpart in the lower Series of Flowerless or Cryptogamous Plants. Ibid., The following schedule..comprises all that are generally used in a natural classification,..Series, Class, Subclass [etc.]. 1857[see isologous]. 1869,1876[see homologous 3]. 1878Dallinger in Nature 23 May 102/2 A hitherto unrecorded organism belonging to the septic series.
11. Geol.
a. † (i) A set of successive deposits or group of successive formations having certain common fossil or mineral features. Also used for any assemblage of successive, usu. conformable, strata (without regard to the rank of the assemblage: cf. next sense). Now Obs.
1822Conybeare Outl. Geol. ii. iii. §2. 181 A zone of argilleo-calcareous beds belonging to the Purbeck series. 1827Trans. Geol. Soc. II. 293 The strata..were in fact the equivalent of the oolitic series. 1836W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. ix. 76 The Tertiary Series introduces a system of new phenomena, presenting formations in which the remains of animal and vegetable life approach gradually nearer to species of our own epoch. 1839H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall, etc. iii. 59 The series having been slightly overlapped. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 197 A curious series of deposits may thus be produced. 1882A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 648 The rocks of the Cambrian series present great uniformity of lithological character over the globe.
(ii) Stratigraphy. The primary subdivision of a system, composed of a number of stages and corresponding to an epoch in time; the rocks deposited during any specific epoch.
At the 1881 meeting of the International Geological Congress, a scheme of nomenclature was adopted in which the stratigraphical terms group, system, series, stage in decreasing order of comprehensiveness correspond to the terms era, period, epoch, age for time intervals. The system and its subdivisions are now regarded as the primary time-stratigraphical terms, and the use of group in this sense is deprecated.
1881Geol. Mag. Decade II. VIII. 558 The final result of the discussions was the adoption of terms in the following order, the most comprehensive being placed first:..Series..Epoch... As equivalents of Series, the terms Section or Abtheilung may be used... According to this scheme, we would speak of the Palæozoic Group or Era, the Silurian System or Period, the Ludlow Series or Epoch, and the Aymestry Stage or Age. 1898Jrnl. Geol. VI. 355 The faunas of the Trenton limestone, the Utica and Hudson River shales are very intimately related, and that relation should be indicated by grouping the three together as stages of a single series. 1931Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. XLII. 426 The Pleistocene or Glacial Period will be divided into epochs and ages, and the Pleistocene or Glacial system into corresponding rock terms, series and stages. 1931Gregory & Barrett General Stratigr. x. 155 In Scotland the Upper Estuarine Series includes the Brora Coal seam, of which the roof is Callovian. 1961Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XLV. 658 The term ‘series’ is not restricted to stratified rocks, but may be applied to intrusive rocks in the same time-stratigraphic sense. 1976H. D. Hedberg Internat. Stratigr. Guide vii. 72 The series is a unit in the conventional chrono⁓stratigraphic hierarchy, ranking above a stage and below a system. The geochronologic equivalent of a series is an epoch. A series is always a subdivision of a system; it is usually but not always broken up into stages.
b. Any group of (usu. igneous) rocks having similar forms of occurrence and petrographical characteristics.
1844C. Darwin Volcanic Islands vi. 123 Is it not more probable, that these dikes have been formed by fissures penetrating into partially cooled rocks of the granitic and metamorphic series, and by their more fluid parts,..oozing out, and being sucked into such fissures? 1892–94Bull. Philos. Soc. Washington XII. 178 Since neighboring centers may be erupting different phases of the rock series at one and the same time,..the same kinds of rock may occur in different parts of the whole complex series representing the order of eruption of the rocks in one region. 1909J. P. Iddings Igneous Rocks I. ii. iii. 408 The term series should be applied to groups of rocks characterized by similarity of certain chemical or mineral constituents and by variations in others; the rocks being members of one family. Series may traverse the general system of classification in various directions. 1975A. E. Kingwood Composition & Petrology of Earth's Mantle vii. 243 The behaviour of the orogenic series is fundamentally different from that of the tholeiitic and alkalic series.
12. Electr. and Magn.
a. A number of wires of different metals each connected with the preceding. Chiefly as in series: in Electr. also said of circuit components connected together so as to form a single electrical path between two points (also transf.); const. with.
1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. ii. §21 (1881) 43 Any series of metallic conductors thus placed in contact. 1884Jrnl. Soc. Telegr.-Engineers XIII. 498 If you couple two such alternate-current machines in series, they will so control each others phase as to nullify each other. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. Magn. I. 229 If any number of wires of different metals M1, M2, M3, M4 are joined together in series,..the wire of metal M1 beginning and ending the series. 1922Proc. IRE X. 249 It was necessary to use a two-electrode tube in series with the auxiliary emf. 1943C. L. Boltz Basic Radio viii. 132 When a condenser and resistor are in series in a circuit, the charging current when a D.C. supply is switched on causes a p.d. across the resistor for a fraction of a second. 1960Practical Wireless XXXVI. 412/1 In series with the key jack is filled a potentiometer VR1 which provides a useful variation of the oscillator tone. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 250/1 Each tissue consists of two compartments connected in series. 1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. iv. 84 The two transistors are connected in series across the supply.
b. attrib. or as adj. = (a) arranged or connected in series; (b) short for series-wound, i.e. wound in series, or so that the coils on the field-magnets are placed in series with the outer circuit. Also more generally, pertaining to or involving connection in series. Also Comb.
1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iii. 125/1 The ordinary or series dynamo. 1888Scribner's Mag. Aug. 194/2 The ‘series’ system..may be likened to the arrangement of disks on the chain of a chain-pump. 1891Lightning 19 Nov. 107 Series-wound dynamo-machine. 1893Sloane Electr. Dict., Series, arranged in succession as opposed to parallel..[e.g.] Series Connection. Ibid., Series-multiple, arrangement of electric apparatus, in which the parts are grouped in sets in parallel and these sets are connected in series. 1920Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 227 A motor has a series characteristic when the exciting or main flux is produced by the load current (or by part of it). 1926R. W. Hutchinson Wireless vi. 101 In the above example of resonance the capacity and inductance were in series and such a case is often referred to as series resonance. 1950Engineering 6 Jan. 8/2 The noise limiter..employs a series-diode circuit. 1957Practical Wireless XXXII. 379/1 (Advt.), It is essential to use mains primary types with T.V. receivers having series-connected heaters. 1961Amateur Radio Handbk. (ed. 3) ix. 257/2 Valves such as the 807 can be used in both positions in a series-modulation system from a 1000 volts supply. 1962G. A. T. Burdett Automatic Control Handbk. i. 26 The outstanding characteristic of the d.c. series motor is powerful torque at starting and also at low speeds. 1970J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) ix. 265 In Fig. 9.5(a) two mutually coupled coils are connected in series. The connexion is called series aiding, since current enters the dotted ends of the coils, which thus produce aiding fluxes. 1974Harvey & Bohlman Stereo F.M. Radio Handbk. iii. 51 The attenuation produced by the series insertion of a crystal into a circuit operating at a variable frequency. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiii. 80 The two series-connected windings in series with the load are called gate windings.
13. a. Philol. (tr. G. reihe.) In the Indogermanic languages, a set of vowels, or of diphthongs and vowels or sonants, which are mutually related by ablaut.
1888Wright OHG. Primer 61 The vowels vary within certain series of related vowels, called ablaut-series. There are in OHG. six such series.
b. Phonology. (See quot. 1952.)
1952A. Martinet in Word VIII. 13 A number of consonantal phonemes characterized by one and the same articulation will be said to form a ‘series’ if their other characteristic articulations can be located at different points along the air channel. Thus in English /p/, /t/, /č/, /k/,..will form a series, and so will /b/, /d/, /ǧ/, /g/. 1956E. Stankiewicz Phonemic Patterns of Polish Dialects in For Roman Jakobson 521 This reduction resulted in the fusion of alveolars and palatals into a single series (ṧ, ž̇, č̇, {zhhacekdotab}). 1969C. A. M. Baltaxe tr. Trubetzkoy's Princ. Phonol. i. iv. 125 Many languages have two apical series, one characterized by the tip of the tongue pointed upward, the other by the tip of the tongue pointed downward, instead of a single series characterized by the participation of the tip of the tongue.
14. A parcel of rough diamonds of assorted qualities.
a1912(In recent Dicts.)
15. a. Chem. A set of related elements or compounds, esp. a group or period of the periodic table, or a number of compounds differing successively in composition by a fixed amount; a set of elements or compounds arranged in order of magnitude of some property.
1849Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. II. 297 (heading) On a new series of organic bodies containing metals and phosphorus. 1869,1876[see homologous a. 3]. 1922[see group n. 3 c (ii)]. 1943[see electro-chemical adj. s.v. electro-]. 1958, etc. [see nephelauxetic a.]. 1962Cotton & Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. xxiv. 495 For practical purposes..the third transition series begins with hafnium..and embraces the elements Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. ii. 12 Members of the series may be represented by a general molecular formula, and each member differs from the next by CH2; the paraffins have the general formula CnH2n + 2. 1972Cotton & Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) xiii. 373 The stability of these hydrides falls rapidly along the series, so that SbH3 and BiH3 are very unstable thermally.
b. = radioactive series s.v. radioactive a. 4.
1904[see disintegration a]. 1926R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity xxiv. 180 The resulting end-product of the uranium-radium series does not emit rays, and is hence stable. 1949F. Soddy Story of Atomic Energy v. 50/2 The RaE changes to Radium F,..the last radio-element in the main uranium series. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia I. 67/2 The mass numbers of all isotopes of the so-called thorium series..turn out to be multiples of four, and the series is known as the 4n series.
16. A set of alloys or minerals having the same chemical composition except for the relative proportions of two elements that can replace one another.
1855Phil. Mag. X. 249 We..prepared a series of alloys in which copper predominated. 1859Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXLVIII. 357 The alloys of a series such as those of 2 equivalents of bismuth and 1 of lead, 3 Bi and 1 Pb, 4 Bi and 1 Pb, 5 Bi and 1 Pb, all conduct the same, viz. about 1·9, the various increasing quantities of lead exercising no influence on the conductibility of the alloys. 1911Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 512/2 In other groups [of minerals] the replacement may be indefinite in extent, and between the ends of the series the different members may vary indefinitely in composition. 1914C. H. Desch Intermediate Compounds vi. 50 The compound Mg3Bi2 has a conductivity very near that of bismuth, and the two series Mg–Mg3Bi2 and Mg3Bi2–Bi are simple conglomerates. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth i. 17/1 The plagioclase feldspars show a slightly more complex type of ionic replacement and form the series NaAlSi3O8 (albite)–CaAl2Si2O8 (anorthite).
17. a. Baseball. A set of games played on successive days between two teams. Also World Series: see world n.
1862Sunday Mercury (N.Y.) 13 July 6/3 This last game ended the series, and the players were to return this..morning. 1906World (N.Y.) 26 July 8/4 To wind up their series with the Western teams, the hilltop boys gave the Michiganders a double drubbing. 1960Time 3 Oct. 67/2 The Yankees have..individual stars who can rouse themselves to greatness and win a short series by themselves. 1973Internat. Herald Tribune 15 June 15/4 It was the first time in almost a month that the Mets had won two straight. And it was the first time in exactly a month that they had captured a series.
b. Cricket. A set of Test matches between two sides on any one tour.
1912A. A. Lilley Twenty-Four Years Cricket xiv. 195 The only Test match of the tour that had a definite conclusion was the second of the series. 1935Wisden ii. 1 The Australian team of 1934 arrived in this country with the knowledge that during the previous series of Test Matches in Australia they had been beaten four times. 1966J. Arlott in B. Johnston Armchair Cricket 1966 12 The fifth—Oval—Test of that series was the first scheduled for regular eye-witness accounts on each day. 19760–10 Cricket Scene (Austral.) 5/2 Ian Chappell and Ian Redpath both gave away Test cricket, and with Edwards leaving the scene on a series before, Australia had lost their three most consistent, fighting batsmen.
18. Physics. A set of lines in a spectrum whose frequencies are mathematically related in a fairly simple way.
1890Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LVIII. ii. 674 The corresponding components of the pairs form series whose wave-numbers are functions of the successive natural numbers. 1922[see Lyman]. 1952R. W. Ditchburn Light xvii. 543 These formulæ suggest that the wave numbers of all these series may be expressed as differences of a set of wave numbers which are known as spectroscopic ‘terms’. 1966Williams & Fleming Spectrosc. Methods in Org. Chem. ii. 21 When more than two triple bonds are conjugated, the spectrum shows a characteristic series of low intensity bands..at intervals of 2300 cm—1..and high intensity bands..at intervals of 2600 cm—1. 1978E. P. Bertin Introd. X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis i. 37 X-ray spectral lines are grouped in series K, L, M, N; all lines in a series result from electron transitions from various higher orbitals to the indicated shell.
19. Soil Sci. A group of soils which are derived from the same parent material and are similar in profile, though not necessarily in the texture of the surface horizon; = soil series s.v. soil n.1 10.
1904Ann. Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1903–4 269 These types have been arranged in 31 series, in which the soils are related in point of origin. 1913U.S. Bureau of Soils Bull. No. 96. 8 A soil series is named from some town, village, county, or natural feature existing in the area when it was first encountered. 1917Mosier & Gustafson Soil Physics & Management viii. 79 The Cecil series include the most important and widely distributed soils of the Piedmont Plateau. 1952L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility vi. 86 Several of the great soil groups of the United States include hundreds of series. 1970E. M. Bridges World Soils v. 34/2 The Ettrick Association derived from Silurian greywackes and shales has six component series in the Jedburgh and Morebattle district.
20. Mus. The arrangement of the twelve-tone chromatic scale which is used as the starting-point of a piece of serial music; = tone-row s.v. tone n. 11.
1930Mod. Music VII. iv. 5 The tonal material of a composition [by Schönberg] is a series of Twelve tones, borrowed from the chromatic scale and grouped in a special arrangement... The word ‘series’ is by no means identical with the idea of ‘theme’... The series is to be considered rather as a tone-complex, whose successions and intervalic relations always recur. 1940E. Křenek Studies in Counterpoint p. viii, The primary function of the series is that of a sort of ‘store of motifs’ out of which all the individual elements of the composition are to be developed. 1959Observer 23 Aug. 7/3 According to this new system [of musical composition], a fixed series or succession of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale forms a framework which is the basis of the composition. 1978P. Griffiths Conc. Hist. Mod. Music vii. 88 The music is..constructed as a four-part canon, each part of which begins with a statement of the series in a different form.
21. Eccl. With a specifying number: a designation of one of the alternative experimental forms of service used within the Church of England since 1965.
These rites were replaced in 1980 by those printed in the Alternative Service Book.
1965(title) Alternative Services: First Series. 1965(title) Alternative Services: Second Series. 1967Church Quarterly Rev. CLXVIII. 442 It is undoubtedly the rite of Series 2 which points the way forward. Ibid. 449 It is appropriate here to look at the third form of Series 1 in which the self-oblation is omitted from the Canon. 1971Churchman LXXXV. 212 The amended text..has now been published as Holy Communion: Series 3. 1973Franciscan XV. 169 In our worship at S. Bene't's we have moved..from Series II to Series III, using John Rutter's setting. 1977B. Pym Quartet in Autumn i. 15 What would be the reaction of the congregation if Father G. tried to introduce Series Three? 1981Barton & Halliburton in Believing in Church iv. 107 The Durham book, which had in fact proposed that form of invitation which became the invitation to confession in Series 2 Communion.
22. Special Comb. series-parallel Electr., used attrib. with reference to combinations of series and parallel connection, esp. to denote a method of control of sets of electric traction motors in which the motors work in series on starting and are switched to parallel working when a certain speed is reached; series spectrum, a spectrum consisting of a series (sense 18) of lines.
1894K. Hedges Amer. Electr. Street Railways vi. 68 In the *series parallel method of control, the motors are first connected in ‘series’. 1903Trans. Inst. Naval Archit. XLV. 182 A voltage of 220, the motors to have series parallel control. 1957Railway Mag. June 427/2 The operating voltage is 500 volts d.c., with orthodox series-parallel control for the four-motor equipments. 1968Radio Communications Handbk. (ed. 4) i. 13/2 This is the value of the equivalent inductance of the four coils in this series-parallel arrangement.
1922A. D. Udden tr. Bohr's Theory of Spectra ii. ii. 29 Although the *series spectra of the elements of higher atomic number have a more complicated structure than the hydrogen spectrum, simple laws have been discovered showing a remarkable analogy to the Balmer formula. 1974G. Reece tr. Hund's Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 100 With the aid of the n, l, j scheme it was possible to understand the multiplicity of the terms in the optical series spectra for atoms with one, two or three external electrons.
Add:[II.] [8.] b. A set or class of aircraft, motor vehicles, etc. developed over a period and sharing many features of design or assembly.
1935C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 550/2 ‘Series’ aircraft and engine, every complete aircraft or every engine, the various essential parts of which are constructed in accordance with the ‘type’ design. 1953W. A. Shrader Fifty Years of Flight 124/2 Spratt Aircraft Co...test-flies another in a series of tilt-wing flying boats designed by George Spratt. 1968Miller & Sawers Technical Devel. Mod. Aviation v. 137 Douglas matched this series with the DC-7 in 1953, also using the turbo-compound engine and 2 feet 3 inches longer than the 6B. 1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook i. 9/2 Early models of the 600D series incorporated a centrifugal oil filter alone. 1988Flight Internat. 17 Dec. 13/1 Hazelton Airlines of New South Wales, Australia, has ordered its first Shorts 360, a .300 series aircraft. |