| 释义 |
▪ I. caul, n.1|kɔːl|
Forms: 4–6 calle, 6 caull(e, 6–7 call, cal, kall, caule, cawle, 7 kal, kaull, kawle, 7–9 cawl, 7– caul. See also kell.
[a. F. cale a kind of small cap or head-dress.]
1. A kind of close-fitting cap, worn by women: a net for the hair; a netted cap or head-dress, often richly ornamented. Obs. exc. Hist.
a1327Pol. Songs (1839) 158 Heo..scrynketh for shome, ant shometh for men, Un-comely under calle. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 725 And makyn hym a howe [hood] above a calle. c1391― Astrol. i. §19 A maner krokede strikes..like to the werk of a womanes calle. c1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 607 Reticulum, a calle. 1530Palsgr. 202/2 Call for Maydens, retz de soye. 1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 201 On her head a caule of gold she ware. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 524 Feathers, and cals of net worke. 1697De la Pryme diary (Surtees) 125 Having opend a coffin they found a skelliton, and, about the skull, an antient caul, which was a sort of cap or cornet that women wore formerly on their heads. 1729T. Cooke Tales, Prop. etc. 92 With paralytic Hands she pulls the Caul From Head as naked as the Billiard-ball. 1834J. R. Planché Brit. Costume 114 The hair..gathered up behind into a caul of golden network.
†b. The netted substructure of a wig. Obs.
1693Lond. Gaz. No. 2897/4 A..Perriwig..with a Seal on the Caul almost worn of. 1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xxxiii, He..inserted his hand..between his head and the cawl of his wig. 1786Wolcott (P. Pindar) Bozzy & P. Wks. 1812 I. 363 To the foretop of his Wig..Down to the very net-work, named the Caul.
c. The hinder portion of a woman's cap.
1740–61Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) III. 400 Her cap..had a very good effect with a pompon; and behind, where you may suppose the bottom of the caul, a knot of diamonds. 1798Jane Austen Lett. I. 177, I took the liberty a few days ago of asking your black velvet bonnet to lend me its cawl. 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 387 Net for making caps and ‘cauls’, which are the plain portion at the back, to be trimmed or edged according to the purchaser's taste. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. i. xii. 61 The peculiar net cap, with its high caul and neat little border.
2. gen. A net for wrapping something in; any ornamental network. Obs.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 339 Item for iij. callis iiijd. ob. 1552Inv. Churches of Surrey 73 A calle for the pyx. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. lvii. 732 A greene thicke huske..under the same..certayne thinne skinnes, lyke to cawles or nettes. 1634Herbert Trav. 199 The women..weare a large long cawle or sack, lik net-worke, which as a garment hides them wholy. 1681Grew Museum (J.) An Indian Mantle of Feathers, and the Feathers wrought into a caul of pack-thread.
†3. A spider's web. Obs.
1548Hall Chron. (1809) 462 Like a Spyder that daily weaveth when hys Calle is torne. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. (1641) 104/1 The low-rooft broken wals (Instead of Arras) hung with Spiders cauls. 1631R. Brathwait Whimzies, Almanack-maker, His shelves..are subtilly inter-woven with spiders caules.
fig.1594W. Percy Cœlia iv. in Arb. Garner VI. 141 What be mens sighs but cauls of guilefulness?
†4. Anat. Any investing membrane or structure, as the membranes of the brain. caul of the heart: app. the pericardium; also fig. (from Hosea xiii. 8; cf. Joel ii. 13). Obs. in general sense.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. iii. (1495) 107 A merueyllous calle in whiche calle the brayne is wounded and by⁓clypped. 1533Elyot Cast. Helth (1541) 12 Calles betwixt the uttermoste skinne and the fleshe. 1610P. Barrough Meth. Physick iv. i. (1639) 216 The plure or kall that girdeth in the ribbes. 1611Bible Hosea xiii. 8, I..will rent the kall of their heart. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. iii. 112 Worms are bred in the heart and in its Caul.
fig.1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 63 Who so is blinded with the caule of beautie. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. ii. 26 Custome in sinne hath drawne a kall over my conscience. 1643S. Marshall Let. 15 Their long conversing with God-dam⁓mee's hath..drawn such a kawl over their hearts, that to them damnation is ridiculous.
5. spec.
a. The fatty membrane investing the intestines; the epiploön or omentum.
1382Wyclif Ex. xxix. 13 The calle of the mawe, and the two kydneers. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 442 Wynde hom in the calle of the swyne. 1611Cotgr., Alzatin, the fat cawle, or kell, wherein the bowels are lapt. 1713Cheselden Anat. iii. iv. (1726) 159 Omentum, or Cawl, is a fine membrane larded with fat, somewhat like network. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xi. The omentum, epiploon, or cawl, is an apron, tucked up, or doubling upon itself, at its lowest part.
b. The amnion or inner membrane inclosing the fœtus before birth; esp. this or a portion of it sometimes enveloping the head of the child at birth, superstitiously regarded as of good omen, and supposed to be a preservative against drowning.
1547Boorde Brev. Health cccxix. 103 b, A skyn or a call in the whiche a chylde doth lye in the mothers bely. 1610B. Jonson Alch. i. ii. (1616) 613 Yo' were borne with a caule o' your head. 1798Morton Secr. worth know. i. 9 (L.) Was he not born with a cawl? 1826Hood Sea-Spell, In his pouch confidingly He wore a baby's caul. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. i, I was born with a caul, which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (senses 1 and 2) caul fringe, caul silk, caul work; † caul-visarded adj.; (sense 5 a) caul fat.
1882Daily Tel. 29 Aug. 5/1 When oleomargarine is made from *caul fat.
1653H. Cogan Pinto's Trav. xxxii. (1663) 129 A cloth of state of white damask..with a deep *cawl frenge of green silk and gold.
1483Act 1 Rich. III, x. §1 Laces, *calle sylk or coleyn silk throwen or wrought.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 146 Masker-like *cawle-visarded.
1577Harrison England ii. xv. (1877) i. 272 Some ladies exercise their fingers..in *caulworke. 1830James Darnley xxv. 114/1 Here stood a frame for caul work.
▪ II. † caul, n.2 Obs.
[ad. L. caulis, in Gr. καυλός stem, stalk, esp. cabbage-stalk, cabbage. Already in OE. in sense 1, in forms caul, cawl, cawel: see also cawel, cole, kale.]
1. A cabbage. Also in comb. caul-stock, a cabbage-stalk, castock.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 240 Genim þysse wyrte croppas þe man brassicam siluaticam, & oðrum naman caul nemneþ. a1100Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 323 (Plant Names) Caula, vel magudaris, caul. c1265Voc. ibid. 559 Caulus, cholet, kaul. 1398[see castock]. 1590R. Payne Descr. Irel. (1841) 9 The profite of the swine, winter milke, caules. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Cabbage, Cauls and Sprouts.
2. Stem, stalk.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. xi. 381 Take leef, or roote, or caule of malowe agrest.
▪ III. † caul, n.3 Obs.—0
[ad. L. caulæ opening, sheepfold.]
A sheepfold.
1483Cath. Angl. 56 A Caule, caula. 1570Levins Manip. 43 A caule, pen, caula. 1691Ray N.C. Wds. (E.D.S.) Cawel, chors [cohors].
▪ IV. caul, n.4
[? a. F. cale, thin piece of wood, stone, or the like, inserted under an object to level it or steady it: of uncertain origin; cf. L. cāla piece or billet of wood, and see Littré.]
(See quot.)
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 506 Caul, a heated board used in laying down large veneers. Its heat keeps up the fluidity of the glue until all that is superfluous has been pressed out at the edges. 1881Mechanic §596. 277 An instrument the shape of the curve..called a ‘caul’.
▪ V. caul(e
obs. form of call. |