| 释义 |
▪ I. setter, n.1|ˈsɛtə(r)|
Also 5–6 Sc. settar, 6 Sc. -are, 7 seter.
[f. set v.1 + -er1. Cf. Du. zetter, OHG. sezzari (Ger. setzer), Sw. sättare, Dan. sætter.]
I. One who or something which sets, in various senses of the vb.
1. a. gen. One who sets something specified or contextually implied. Often as the second element of a compound, in which the first element denotes the thing ‘set,’ as in bone-setter, eel-setter, type-setter.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 604/34 Prepositor, a setter of mes. 1538Elyot Dict., Finitor, a setter of boundes. 1557in Marwick Edin. Guilds (1909) 89 Thai wer ordanit be the settaris of the said taxt to pay ane pairt thairof. 1648Hexham ii, Een Zetter, a Setter, or a Compositor of letters. 1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 181, I usually afforded the setter copy at the rate of above a whole printed sheet in the day. 1859Lancet 24 Dec. 649/2 Having the special repute of being a first-class..setter of stoves, grates, &c. 1889Rider Haggard Cleopatra ii. iv, Who..would believe that she was the setter of that snare in which the Queen..should miserably perish? 1964New Statesman 20 Mar. 455/1 Mr Holloway is severe on other people's abuses of English—particularly the setters of examination questions. 1976Listener 23 & 30 Dec. 820/3 The Listener setter [of crossword puzzles] caters..for the cognoscente.
b. With adverbial extension or complement. See also setter-forth, -on, -out, -to, -up.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xix. 16–22 He was and is..a setter of all them at libertie whiche professeth his name. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 228 b, Neyther wanted the matter setters foreward. 1591Savile Tacitus, Hist. ii. xx. 89 Maricus..pretending to be the setter of France at freedome. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Pref. to Serm. Easterday M 4, An earnest louer and a great setter forward of monkery. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 30 They come as Refiners of thy Drosse, or gilders (setters off) of thy Graces. 1656Blount Glossogr., Spretor, a contemner,..a setter-light by. 1846Trench Mirac. xxiv. (1862) 352 note, He was come now a Redeemer, that is a setter free of man..from alien powers which held him in bondage. 1866W. Collins Armadale iii. xii, ‘Gin-and-bitters will put you on your legs again,’ whispered this Samaritan setter-right of the alcoholic disasters of mankind.
2. A workman employed to ‘set’ something.
†a. One who ‘sets’ or lays stone or brick in building. Obs. Also rough-setter: see rough a. 21.
1403Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 21 In remuneracione data cementariis vocatis setters ad parietes. 1435Contract Fotheringhay Ch. (1841) 30 The Setters shall be chosyn and takyn by such as shall haf the governance and oversight of the sayd Werke by my seid Lord. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 142 Choseth hym as a connynge man,..& maketh hym a setter or orderer of y⊇ same stones. 1601–2Accts. Trin. Coll. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 486 To laborers diging foundacions..and seruing the setters at the fountaine.
b. Woollen Manuf. (See quot. 1757.)
c1515Cocke Lorelles B. (Percy Soc.) 9 Lyne webbers, setters, with lyne drapers. 1713Addison Trial Count Tariff 3 He was Huzza'd into the Court by several Thousands of Weavers, Clothiers,..Packers, Calenders, Setters, Silk-men, Spinners [etc.]. 1757R. Campbell Lond. Tradesman (ed. 3) 201 Setters..are called so only because they rent Tenter-grounds and stretch Cloths after they are milled, upon Frames called Tenters.
c. A workman who sets jewels.
1819P.O. Lond. Direct. 382 Woolcott & Co.,..Cutters and Glaziers' Diamond Setters, 127 High Holborn. 1874Dieulafait's Diamonds, etc. 275 The setter has at his command a furnace filled with burning charcoal. His work is to solder the diamond into a quantity of alloy [etc.]. 1884B'ham Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Jeweller's Setter.—Wanted a good Hand, used to flush work.
d. Agric. (See quot.)
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 90 To each Cart [of marl] must be a Driver and a Setter, whose Office is to shew where 'tis to be laid, and to assist in the unlading of it.
e. A workman who sets or puts into working condition saws, razors, gun-barrels, etc.
1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 29 A celebrated setter or whetter of razors. 1837L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 630 They [saws] are next handed to the setter, who places each alternate tooth over the edge of a little anvil [etc.]. 1881Greener Gun 234 To determine if a barrel is straight, the setter holds it a few inches from his eye with one end pointing towards the top of a high shop-window.
†3. ‘A officer on the Border, who, with a searcher, was responsible for setting the appointed watch’ (Northumbld. Gloss. 1893–4). Obs.
1552in Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 235 The Ford of Bellester..to be watched nightly, with two Men at either Watch..; Setters and Searchers, Thomas Blenkensop and John Orsby. Ibid., Setters and Searchers of the same Watch, Christopher Bowman, Nichol Blaykloke.
4. In Dice-play. The player who stakes on the throw of the ‘caster’.
1726J. Ker Mem. ii. 93 And when the Cullies that are not in the Secret, throw at All, they commonly throw out, and lose the Box, which the Bites take, and the Setters go round, laying Guineas, and most extravagant Odds upon the Success. 1726Art & Myst. Gaming title-p., Tables calculated betwixt the Caster and Setter, throughout the whole Course or Changes of the Dice. 1814Hoyle's Games Impr. 367 If the main be seven, and each person stakes a guinea, the gain of the setter is about 3½d. per guinea. 1856Carleton in Bohn Hand-bk. Games (1867) 359 (Hazard), If the Caster throw 2, 3, 11 or 12, next after the main is declared, the Setter wins the stake.
5.
†a. gen. One who places a combatant in position. Obs.
1648Bp. Hall Select Th. xv. 60 This duel [between the flesh and the spirit] may well beseem God for the Author, and the Son of God for the setter of it.
b. spec. In cock-fighting: = setter-to 1.
1688Holme Armoury ii. 253/1 When the Cocks are set Beak to Beak in the middle of the Clod, and there left by the Setters. 1835H. Harewood Dict. Sports s.v. Cock-fighting, The battle is conducted by two setters, as they are called, who place the cocks beak to beak. 1884West. Daily Press 16 Apr. 7/2 The whole number at the pit side, including the ‘setters’ was only 37 persons.
6.
†a. Sc. One who grants or makes a lease. Obs.
1484in Exch. Rolls Scot. IX. 603 Our commissioneris and settaris of all and sindri our landis. 1586in Extracts Edin. Burgh Rec. (1882) IV. 478 The said setters of thair land to sic persouns sall be poynded or wairdet for ane vnlaw of fyve pund swa aft as thai failyie. 1638R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 163 He was a setter of tacks to his sones and goodsones, for the prejudice of the church. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 186 Tacks necessarily imply a delectus personæ, a choice by the setter of a proper person for his tenant.
b. ‘One who lets anything to another for hire’ (Jam.). north. dial.
1806Sporting Mag. XXVII. 42 A person in the city of Chester, who is noted for a high setter of shops, as they express it in the north. 1825–82Jamieson s.v., A horse-setter, a horse-hirer.
c. In quarrying and mining work: The foreman by whom the contracts are made with the workmen. See also setting vbl. n.1 1 e.
1884West. Morn. News 5 Sept. 2/4 The setter will engage that the bridge shall ply..daily... The setter also will appoint engineers and pay their wages. 1892Labour Commission Gloss., Setter, a bargain-setter (or letter) is the official who sets or lets the contract to the quarrymen. 1901Daily News 29 Jan. 6/5 At the beginning of each month, upon what is called bargain day, one, two, or three skilled quarrymen agree with a foreman, or ‘setter’, upon the tonnage rate at which they will work out a given portion of the quarry for the following month.
7. a. A confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy; also (? with transferred notion of sense 11), one who is employed by robbers or murderers to spy upon their intended victims.
1592Greene Discov. Coosenage A 4, There be requisite effectually to act the art of Conny-catching, three seuerall parties, the Setter, the Verser, and the barnacle. The nature of the Setter, is to drawe anie person familiarly to drinke with him [etc.]. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. ii. 53 Poin. O 'tis our Setter, I know his voyce: Bardolfe, what newes? 1647D. Digges Unlawfuln. Taking Arms iv. 137 It is beyond my skill to..determine, whether the slye and cunning setter, or the stout thief can claim greatest share in the spoyle. 1722Swift Dying Words Elliston Wks. 1761 III. 357 We have setters watching in corners, and by dead walls, to give us notice when a gentleman goes by. 1755Connoisseur No. 86 ⁋4, I became Setter to a Fleet-Parson.
b. ‘A person employed by the vendor at an auction to run the biddings up’ (Hotten's Slang Dict. 1860).
1698Dunton Life & Errors 547, I had not one Setter (to advance the price, and draw on unwary Bidders) in any of my five Sales. 1732Tricks of Town 36 Away to the place of Auction; the Orator,..surrounded by his Puffs and Setters, shows away.
c. A police spy or informer.
1630J. Lane Contn. Squire's T. 2nd vers. (1887) 134 So maie wee doe and live, woold Algarsive and his state setters, all vs thus reprive. a1661Fuller Worthies, Lond. (1662) ii. 222 It was not long before he [Campian] was caught by the Setters of the Secretary Walsingham, and brought to the Tower. 1778Warner in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1844) III. 314, I shall have the satisfaction at last of finding something that I am fit for,—a setter, a dun, a catchpole, or a bum-bailiff, to recover bad debts. 1866FitzPatrick Sham Squire 125 All the information regarding the movements of Lord Edward Fitzgerald came through Francis Higgins, who employed a gentleman..‘to set’ the unfortunate nobleman. The ‘setter’ we believe to have been Mr. Francis Magan, barrister-at-law. 1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang, Setter,.. a policeman in disguise or a man in the employ of the police (the French ‘indicateur’) who points out the thief for others to arrest.
†d. (See quot.) Obs.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Setters..also..an Excize-Officer to prevent the Brewers defrauding the King.
e. transf. and fig.
1600Sir W. Cornwallis Ess. i. iii. C 8, They are the effect of need, or wantonnesse, venial faults. Age commonly reclaimeth the one, and the other is punished by the setter Pouertie. 1667Decay Chr. Piety v. (1668) 82 Self-love, which is, as it were, the common Setter to all those cheats which circumvent and fool us. 1683Cave Eccles., Basil 218 Their first care was to lodge him in the House of some Friend, or Country-man, or at least one of those Setters, that plied up and down in the behalf of that Sophist.
8. One who sets to music.
1605J. Davies (Heref.) Wit's Pilgr. (Grosart) 8/1 Thy Soule vpon so sweet an Organ plaies As makes the Parts, she plaies, as sound as sweete; Which sounds the heau'nly Setters, and thy praise. 1635Waller To Mr. H. Lawes 23 The Writers and the Setters skill At once the ravisht Ears do fill.
†9. One who devises or instigates. Obs.
1600Holland Livy xxvi. 605 As well the maisters that were the setters thereof, as the servants that were privie and accessarie thereto, had their deserts, and suffered for it.
10. a. That which fertilizes a flower, so that the plant is able to ‘set’ or develop fruit (see set v.1 98).
a1793G. White Selborne, Obs. on Veget. (1836) 301 If bees, who are much the best setters of cucumbers, do not happen to take kindly to the frames, the best way is to tempt them by a little honey put on the..bloom.
b. A plant which ‘sets’ or develops fruit; only with adj. as good setter, bad setter.
1888M. T. Masters in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 237/2 Some..varieties [of the vine] are, as gardeners say, ‘bad setters’,—i.e. do not ripen their fruit owing to imperfect fertilization.
11. A dog trained to ‘set’ game.
a. As the name of a special breed. Irish setter = red setter s.v. red a. 17 a. English setter, Gordon setter: see under first element.
Of the breed now so called, there are three varieties, the English, the Irish, and the Gordon setters. The name was formerly applied to a kind of spaniel.
1576Fleming tr. Caius' Dogs (1880) 16 When he approcheth neere to the place where the birde is, he layes him downe, and with a marcke of his pawes, betrayeth the place of the byrdes last abode, whereby it is supposed that this kinde of dogge is called Index, Setter. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farm vii. xxii. 680 There is also another sort of land spannyels which are called Setters. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. II. 167 The setter that crouches down when it scents the birds, till the net be drawn over them. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. i. (1873) 25 Some..authorities are convinced that the setter is directly derived from the spaniel. 1866J. Walker in Field 6 Jan. 3/2, I should feel obliged by your allowing me to say a word or two..on the colour and general characteristics of the Irish setter. 1912A. Huxley Let. 13 May (1969) 42 He, the dog, is a beautiful Irish setter, the only one of his kind within a radius of miles, as the beast has only just been introduced into Germany. 1975J. M. Brearley (title) This is the Irish Setter.
attrib.1885Field 17 Jan. Advt., For Sale, handsome highly bred Setter Bitch. Ibid., A gentleman is desirous of placing Two Red Setter Pups..with a first-class breaker.
†b. gen. Obs.
1678Lond. Gaz. No. 1317/4 A little Land Spaniel, red and white, no Setter. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. i. 314 But Water Spaniels may be brought to be Setters, if they have a perfectly good Scent.
†c. One who practises ‘setting’: see setting vbl. n.1 1 c (b). Obs.
1780T. Davies Garrick I. 3 Mr. Hunter was..a great setter of game. Happy was the boy who could inform his offended master where a covey of partridges was to be found.
II.
12. An instrument or tool used in setting, in various senses. †a. A net or trap for catching or killing birds.
1526Househ. Exp. Sir T. Le Strange (MS.), Item. a wood⁓cocke and ij partriches kylled with the setter. 1540Acts Privy Counc. (1837) VII. 56 Taking or killing..any partriches and fesantes with any nettes setters horses trameles or other gynnes.
b. Gunnery. A wooden instrument used, with the aid of a mallet, to set the fuse into a shell.
1802C. James Milit. Dict., Setter, in gunnery, a round stick to drive fuzes, or any other compositions, into cases made of paper. 1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 79 Wood Setters. 1854F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (ed. 6) 82 They are carefully driven into the Shell with a mallet and setter. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 377/2.
c. ? = setting-pole.
1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 31 The appurtenances were as follows:—6 balks,..2 oars; 1 anchor; 1 grapnel; 1 pole or setter.
d. Porcelain Manuf.
1853Ure Dict. Arts II. 454 A plate sagger will hold twenty plates placed one on the other of earthenware, but china plates are fired separately in ‘setters’ made of their respective forms. 1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 43/2 Setters also should be used at the bottom of each piece, and ground flint applied, but not sand, for the placing or seating.
e. A kind of lifting-jack.
1895Stores' Price List 15 Sept. 490 Carriage Setter. Best Wood Setter—each 15/0.
13. dial. (See quot.)
1849Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade (1851) 46 Setters, large pieces of coal; so called by the landsale cart⁓men, from their use in piling or setting round the sides of their carts, to enable them to hold a larger quantity of coals than could otherwise be placed upon them.
▪ II. ˈsetter, n.2 dial.
[f. setter v.]
A seton or issue produced by ‘settering’: see the vb.
1766Complete Farmer, Setter, a kind of setom [sic] or issue, made by cutting a hole in the dewlap of an ox or cow, and putting into the wound a sort of tent formed out of the root of helleboraster. 1788[see settergrass].
▪ III. setter, v. dial.|ˈsɛtə(r)|
Also 6 syter.
[f. setter- in setterwort.]
trans. To insert a piece of setterwort under the skin of (an animal) in order to produce an issue.
[1523: cf. sever v. 5 c.] 1551Turner Herbal i. L vj, Dyuerse husband men..vsed to put the roote of berefoot into beastes eares, and called the puttynge in of it, syterynge of beastes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 133 The order of Settring a Bullocke is this, take setterwoort [etc.]. Ibid. 151 Some again cure them with settering. 1691Ray N.C. Words, To Setter; to cut the Dewlap of an Ox or Cow, into which they put Helleboraster, which we call Setterwort. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece iii. 506 It is necessary at the same Time to setter the Hog in the Ear with the common Hellebore. 1863Atkinson Danby Gloss. s.v. Seton, We took care that she [a cow] was weel setter'd.
▪ IV. setter
see saeter, setter. |