| 释义 |
severance|ˈsɛvərəns|
[a. AF. severance, OF. sevrance, f. sevr-er: see sever v. and -ance.]
1. a. The act or fact of severing; the state of being severed; separation.
1467–8Rolls of Parlt. V. 574/1 Severaunces from Shires, and makyng of Shires by theymself. 1491Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12 §1 To preserve the possessions of the Crown hoolly and entierly without any severaunce or decreasing therof. 1565Act 8 Eliz. c. 16 §2 The wch sayd severance and Devision of the sayd proffers shalbe entred of Recorde. 1602Carew Cornw. ii. 152 These 2. riuers..doe enclose betweene them..a neck of land..in regard of his fruitfulnesse, not vnworthy of a seuerance. 1786Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 66 This measure..gives me serious apprehensions of the severance of the eastern and western parts of our confederacy. 1787J. Barlow Oration 4 July 8 Our severance from the British empire. 1864Pusey Lect. Daniel (1876) 501 A meeting..after this first severance. 1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age xxxiii. 474 The sea again stole in between our islands and the Continent, until a final severance was effected. 1875M. Arnold God & Bible Pref. 34 Their religion involved severance from Rome. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. II. 81 He..kissed her with more warmth of feeling than he had ever shown after so short a severance. 1879Calderwood Mind & Br. iv. 91 There is no real severance of the lobes.
b. const. between (two or more objects). † Formerly, a distinction or difference between.
1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 180 Mekenesse is the Seuerance and the difference betwene a kynge and a tyraunt. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 311 For, thocht I say it my self, the seuerance wes mekle, Betuix his bastard blude, and my birth noble. c1642Contra-Replicant's Compl. 28 The Law itself makes ever a distinction betwixt the King and his agents: though our Replicant will not allow any such severance. 1845Maurice Mor. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. II. 665/1 Now more than at any former time there was a severance between religion and philosophy. 1851Gladstone Glean. VI. xlviii. 32 To draw in practice those lines of severance between truth and falsehood. 1865Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 59 The temporary severance between Rome and both Asiatic and African Churches. 1883Chalmers & Hough Bankruptcy Act Introd. 9 A severance is made between judicial and administrative functions. 1912Blackw. Mag. Jan. 148/2 The severance between the Parliament and the country is complete.
2. Law.
a. The division of a joint estate into independent parts; the destruction of the unity of interest in a joint estate.
1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 1 §1 Forasmuche as..diverse of the Kinges Subjectes being seised of Mannors landes [etc.] as joynt tenauntes..cannot..make any severans division or particion thereof, without either of their mutuall consentes and assentes. 1628Coke On Litt. 192 If two Joyntenaunts be, and one maketh a Lease, this is a seuerance of the joynture. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 185 Joint-tenants being seised per my et per tout, every thing that tends to narrow that interest..is a severance or destruction of the jointure. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 501 A mortgage by a joint tenant, for a term of years, will operate as a severance of the joint tenancy. 1895Strahan Law of Property (1908) 89 The severance of the reversion..that is, the dividing between two or more of the estate in reversion. Ibid. 134 Severance of joint tenancies in land may also be brought about by merger.
b. The detaching of fruit, minerals, fixtures, etc. from the soil or realty.
1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 38 After the sowing and before the seuerance [of the corn]. 1628Coke On Litt. 55 b, Seuerance or remouing of the corne. 1684Manley Cowel's Interpr. s.v., Severance of Corn is the cutting and carrying it off from the ground, and sometimes the setting out the Tythe from the rest of the Corn is called Severance. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 232 Of things..that adhere to the freehold, as corn, grass, trees, and the like, or lead upon a house, no larciny could be committed by the rules of the common law; but the severance of them was, and in many things is still, merely a trespass. 1817W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1208 The right to tithes accrues immediately on the severance. 1911Odgers Common Law II. 700 When things annexed to the freehold are sold in contemplation of an immediate severance.
c. The separation of two or more parties that are joined in a writ, as when one is nonsuited and the other is allowed to proceed in the action. Also, ‘the putting in several or separate pleas or answers by two or more disjointly’ (Bouvier).
1607J. Cowell Interpr., Severance is the singling of two or more, that ioyne in one writ, or are ioyned in one writ. 1628Coke On Litt. 139 If two be Plaintifes in a Natiuo habendo, if one be nonsuit this is the Nonsuite of both, and no sommons and seuerance doth lie in that case. Ibid. 139 b, Note, Seuerance is twofold, viz. by Sommons ad sequendum simul, and that is when one of the Demandants or Plaintifes neuer appeared; and by award of the Court of Nonsuit without any sommons, and that is after appearance. 1684Manley Cowel's Interpr. s.v., Severance in Debt [is] where two, or more, Executors are named Plaintiffs, and the one refuses to prosecute. 1741T. Robinson Gavelkind i. vi. 110 It is the less unreasonable that the Part of him not proceeding should be divided with the rest in this Case, because he does not by the Severance absolutely cease to be Party to the Record. 1824Stephen Princ. Pleading 270 Where in respect of several subjects or several defendants, a severance has thus taken place in the pleading, this may..lead to a corresponding severance in the whole subsequent series.
d. Discharge from contractual employment. Also ellipt. = severance pay below.
1941North Western Reporter CCXCVII. 652/1 There was a complete ‘severance of employment’ and compensation would be calculated on basis of $2.50 per day. 1945Monthly Labor Rev. Jan. 48 The American Newspaper Guild..regards dismissal pay as an equity which the individual builds up on his job and for which he should be compensated regardless of the reason of severance. 1965Bull. U.S. Dept. Labor No. 1425-2. ii. 9 Some agreements gave no details of the plan's characteristics—i.e., when severance would be paid, [etc.]. 1977Time 5 Dec. 72/2 When CBS decided that Schorr must go, its lawyers in February 1976 agreed to pay Schorr more than two years' salary, and severance besides.
3. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 2 d) severance arrangement, severance money, severance payment; severance cutting (see quot. 1928); severance felling = severance-cutting; severance pay, money paid in compensation to one whose contractual employment is terminated; cf. redundancy pay s.v. redundancy 3.
1971Guardian 14 Jan. 13/3 Some kind of compulsory *severance arrangement..will have to be negotiated.
1905Terms Forestry & Logging (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 20 *Severance cuttings are made to strengthen the trees on the edge of a stand. 1928R. S. Troup Silvicultural Systems ii. 8 ‘Severance cuttings’..are cleared lines of varying breadth, usually 30–50 feet, cut through the wood while it is still comparatively young in order to induce low branching by the border trees.
1895W. R. Fisher tr. Schlich's Man. Forestry 469 *Severance-fellings should be forty to fifty feet broad. 1951W. L. Taylor Estate Forestry xiv. 131 Gale and flood are countered by..correct orientation of forest rides and severance fellings.
1975N.Y. Times 5 Nov. 23/3 The parent company closed down the edition [sc. the Scottish Daily Express] 18 months ago.., and the employees decided to keep it going as a cooperative. They put *severance money of $1.3 million into the venture.
1953P. C. Berg Dict. New Words 143/1 *Severance pay. 1956Economist 7 July 12/2 The unions now appear to be ready to lay rather more emphasis on bargaining for higher severance pay. 1979Now! 21–27 Sept. 95/1 The {pstlg}1,750 tax-free severance pay provides a cushion for defeated MPs.
1962Listener 19 July 86/1, I believe a compensation scheme—*severance payment—is important. |