| 释义 |
▪ I. quadruple, a., n., and adv.|ˈkwɒdruːp(ə)l|
Also 6 quadriple, 8 quadruble.
[a. F. quadruple (13th c., OF. also quadruble), ad. L. quadruplus, f. quadru- quadru- + -plus as in duplus double. An earlier form in Eng. was quatreble, q.v. The stressing quaˈdruple (see quots. a 1745 and 1820 in A) is usual in Sc.]
A. adj.
a. Fourfold; consisting of four parts; four times as great or as many as. Const. of, to, or without prep.
1557[see b]. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. x. §3 A law that..doth punish thieves with a quadruple restitution. 1628Mead in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 268 The quadruple strength which they have prepared against our fleet. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 9 [A sum] quadruple to so much in this age. a1745Swift To George-Nim-Dan-Dean, Esq. (R.), How I joy to see thee wander..In circling mazes, smooth and supple, And ending in a clink quadruple. 1807Hutton Course Math. II. 269 To receive light and heat quadruple to that of the earth. 1820Keats Hyperion ii. 146 A quadruple wrath Unhinges the poor world. 1825Macaulay Ess., Machiavelli (1887) 34 When the value of silver was more than quadruple of what it now is. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 576 Single, triple, or quadruple concentric series of narrow elements.
b. In various special applications.
quadruple algebra, algebra in which four independent units are used. quadruple counterpoint, four-part counterpoint in which the parts may be interchanged without breaking the rules of counterpoint. quadruple expansion, the use of four stages of expansion in a compound steam engine, the same steam expanding successively in four cylinders; usu. attrib. quadruple pistole = n. 2 b. † quadruple proportion = quadruple ratio. quadruple quaver, a hemidemisemiquaver. quadruple ratio, the ratio of four to one. quadruple rhythm, quadruple time, in Mus., rhythm or time having four beats in a measure.
1557Recorde Whetst. B j b, If it containe it .4. tymes, then is it [the proportion] quadrupla, or quadruple. Ibid. C j, Proportion..Doble, Triple, Quadriple. 1727Chambers Cycl., Pistole..has its augmentations, and diminutions; which are quadruple pistoles, double pistoles, and half pistoles. 1869Ouseley Counterp. xvii. 134 Triple and quadruple counterpoints..consist of three or four melodies so interwoven that any of them may become a correct bass to the others. 1885R. Sennett Marine Steam Engine (ed. 2) i. 23 In some few cases, in which steam of 150 to 180 lbs. has been used, quadruple expansion engines have been fitted,..but there is not sufficient evidence yet to show that the additional complication thus introduced is compensated for by any marked gain in economy. 1894J. J. Astor Journey in Other Worlds iv. 48 The electricity generated by..slow⁓moving quadruple-expansion steam engines, provides the power required to run our electric ships. 1898J. Hammond Let. 22 Dec., Hamilton's Quaternions is a quadruple algebra, the 4 independent units being his i, j, k, and the unit of quantity. 1919Jane's Fighting Ships 260/2 Kashima..machinery: 2 sets 4 cylinder vertical quadruple expansion. 1952Fox & McBirnie Marine Steam Engines & Turbines vii. 137 The quadruple-expansion engine is not now so common as formerly, and modern practice appears to favour the triple-expansion engine with fairly high initial superheat.
c. Hist. quadruple alliance, an alliance of four powers, esp. that of Britain, France, Germany and Holland in 1718, and of Britain, France, Spain and Portugal in 1834.
1735H. Walpole Corr. (1820) I. 3, I believe you will guess there is no quadruple alliance. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 76 She [France] secretly engaged, also, in negotiations with Russia, Austria, and Spain, to form a quadruple alliance. 1872Freeman Gen. Sketch xv. §2 (1874) 304 France, England, and the United Provinces presently joined the Emperor in the Quadruple Alliance against Spain.
fig.1787Burns Let. to Miss Chalmers 12 Dec., Misfortune, bodily constitution, hell, and myself, have formed a ‘quadruple alliance’ to guarantee the other.
d. Applied to printing-papers which are four times the usual size, as quadruple crown, quadruple-demy, quadruple-foolscap, etc. Cf. quad a.1
B. n.
1. Anything fourfold; a sum or quantity four times as great as another.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 61 Now if we place these Triples..in the vpper ranke we shall produce Quadruples. 1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 149 The quadruple of the pryce of the inch of the best sort of schoes. 1822J. Flint Lett. Amer. 309, I believe, if he had laid them [the damages] at quadruple, the jury would have given him every cent.
2. spec.
†a. A tooth having a quadruple root. Obs.
†b. A coin of the value of four pistoles (so in French; cf. A. b, quot. 1727). Obs.
†c. A fourfold fine. Obs.
d. A printing machine which prints four copies at once.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Two donales two quadruples .viij. molares and two cassalles. 1655tr. Com. Hist. Francion xii. 20 See here his Quadruples which I never touched before. 1673Dryden Amboyna ii. i, No transitory Sum, three hundred Quadruples in your own Country Gold. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1784/4 A considerable Sum of Money was stolen, among which were several Quadruples, or Four-Pistol-Pieces. 1695Sc. Acts Will. III, c. 55 (1822) IX. 453/1 Incurring the Quadruples appoynted by the said Act by way of penalty. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 203 It was Mr. Lloyd who had the first of these new Quadruples at work on a London daily newspaper.
C. adv. in Comb. In a fourfold manner.
1840Dickens Barn. Rudge xli, Places of distrust and cruelty, and restraint, they would have left quadruple-locked for ever. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 62/1 Blundell's Patent Duplex (quadruple acting) portable Fire Engines.
▪ II. quadruple, v.|ˈkwɒdruːp(ə)l|
Also 6 quadriple, 7 -ruble.
[ad. F. quadrupler (1404) or L. quadrupl-āre, f. quadrupl-us: see prec.]
1. trans. To make four times as great or as many as before; to multiply by four.
1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 30 He suld fecht that day, Thouch Tryplit or quadruplit war thai. 1557Recorde Whetst. F iij, Therfore I doe quadriple .195. and it maketh .780. c1611Chapman Iliad i. 129 Yet we all, all losse thou sufferst thus, Will treble; quadruple in gaine. 1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 87 Double the howers above twelve in the longest solstitiall day, and the product will shew the climat, quadruble them 'twill shew the parallell. 1792A. Young Trav. France 439, I am confident..that the mass of human wretchedness is quadrupled by their influence. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxiii. 178 The Press, by reporting the speeches of these men, quadrupled their power in Parliament. 1883Stubbs' Mercantile Circular 8 Nov. 982/2 The import of raw cotton..has more than quadrupled itself in two years.
2. To amount to four times as many as.
1832Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms xi. 92 The number of females..probably more than quadrupled that of the male governors.
3. intr. (for refl.) To grow to four times the former number, amount, or size.
1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. ii. (1869) I. 296 The trade of Scotland has more than quadrupled since the first erection of the two publick banks at Scotland. 1833H. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls v. 97 The exports..have quadrupled since the relaxation of the monopoly. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xix. 145 Mr. Levy reduced the price of the paper... The circulation doubled, trebled, quadrupled.
Hence ˈquadrupled ppl. a. = quadruple a.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 99 The Harts of Briletum and Ibarne, have their reins quadrupled or four⁓fold. 1865Mansfield Salts 465 A quadrupled salt with a single molecule of adjunct. |