| 释义 |
chalice|ˈtʃælɪs|
Forms: α. 1 cel(i)c, cælc, cælic, 1–3 calic, 2 calc, 3 calch; β. 3 caliz, calis, 4 calice; γ. 4–6 chalis, -ys, -yce, 4– chalice, (5 chaleys, 5–6 chales, 6 challes, -is, -ece, -yce, chalesse, chalays, -eis, chaliche, chailles, calles, 7 challice).
[L. calix, calic-em cup, has appeared in Eng. in various forms. (1) Early OE. cęlic, genitive cęlces, corresp. to OS. kelik (MDu. kelec, kelc, Du. kelk), OHG. kelihh, chelih (MHG. and mod.G. kelch):—WGer. *kalik, an early (pre-Christian) adoption of L. calic-em. (2) The Latin word was re-adopted in later OE., in Christian use, as calic, cælic, cælc, whence early ME. calc, calch (cf. ON. kalk-r). (3) These were ousted in 12th c. by the OF. caliz, calice. (4) Before 1350 this was in turn ousted by a central OF. form chalice, which gave Eng. chalis, chalice. While this was the case in English, in France itself calice was the form which came down to modern French. (OF. caliz, calice was of learned origin, but early enough to undergo the phonetic change to chalice in central F.; in the struggle between the two forms, the influence of L. calix, familiar in ecclesiastical use, was effective in making calice the ultimate victor.) Strictly, cel(i)c, calch, calice, chalice, are separate words; but their relations are best seen by treating them together.]
1. A drinking-cup or goblet. (Now only in poetic or elevated language.)
αc825Vesp. Ps. xv. 5 Dryhten dael erfewordnisse minre and celces mines [elsewhere calices1, calic2.] c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. x. 42 Cælc vel scenc wætres caldes [c 975 Rushw. ibid., Cælc fulne wættres galdes]. c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxv. 4 Ic her hælu calic hæbbe befangen. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 26 Þæt wiðinnan ys calicys [v.r. -es] and discys [Hatton G. calices and discas]. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 268 Sele þonne cælic fulne to drincanne.
βa1225Ancr. R. 284 Þe caliz þet was imelt iðe fure.
γ1382Wyclif Gen. xl. 13 Thow shalt ȝyue to hym a chalice, after thin office. c1440Promp. Parv. 68 Chalys, calix. 1605Shakes. Macb. i. vii. 11 This euen-handed Iustice Commends th' Ingredience of our poyson'd Challice To our owne lips. 1648Herrick Hesper., Welcome to Sack 63 Had Cassius..but tasted one Small chalice of thy frantick liquor. 1794Coleridge Chatterton 74 Ah! dash the poisoned chalice from thy hand! 1870Bryant Iliad I. iii. 94 With mingled wine they filled a chalice.
b. fig. (mostly with reference to certain scriptural passages: see the quotations.)
αc1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 42 Fæder, ᵹif þu wylt, afyr þysne calic [Vulg. calicem] fram me. c1275Passion 158 in O.E. Misc. 41 Of þis ilche calche nv forber þu me.
βa1300Cursor M. 15633 Quer i sal þis calice drinc, or i sal pass þar-bi.
γa1340Hampole Psalter xv[i]. 5 Lord is part of myn heritage & of my chalice [Vulg. calicis mei]. 1382Wyclif Isa. li. 17 That thou drunke of the hond of the Lord the chalis of his wrathe. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 16/4 This chalys is the passyon whiche lightly may appropre our lord to the. c1800K. White Nelsoni Mors 18 Tho' from the Muse's chalice I may pour No precious dews of Aganippe's well. 1882W. B. Scott Poet's Harv. Home 83 Life is God's chalice filled with tears.
2. spec. The cup in which the wine is administered in the celebration of the eucharist.
αc1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 27 And he ᵹenam þone calic þanciende [Lindisf., Hatton calic, Rushw. cælic]. a1123O.E. Chron. an. 1102 Roden and calicen and candel sticcan. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 93 Þenne understonde he þat husel and drinke of þe calice. Ibid. 215 Boc oðer belle calch oðer messe-ref.
βc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 163 Ðe caliz of tin..and hire nap of mazere. a1225Ancr. R. 418 Þe chirche uestimenz, ne þene caliz. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 489 The calis of the weued me ssolde ther to. c1300Havelok 187 The caliz, and the pateyn ok. c1340Ayenb. 41 Þe crouchen, þe calices, þe creyme.
γa1300Cursor M. 15237 Siþen þe chalice [Gött. chalis] vp he laght, And blisced als þe win. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋805 This is a fouler thefte than for to breke a chirche and stele the chalice. 1529Rastell Pastyme, Hist. Pap. (1811) 54 He was impoysoned by venym put in his chales. 1528More Heresyes i. Wks. 114/2 That proper comparison betwene treen chalices and golden priestes of olde, and nowe golden chalices & treen priestes. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 31 It is..as necessary to drink the chalice as to eat the bread, and we perish if we omit either. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 368 The lightning melted one of the chalices completely. 1875Dict. Chr. Antiq. I. 339/2 Pope Leo IV (847–855) lays down the rule that no one should celebrate mass in a chalice of wood, lead, or glass. 1881Goldw. Smith Lect. & Ess. 47 Bearing the Hussite emblems of the chalice and sword.
3. transf. A flower-cup (cf. chaliced).
1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low-C. Warres i. 8 The Lilly suddenly breaking her Challice..began to blow. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. ii, The water-lily to the light Her chalice reared of silver bright.
4. Comb., as chalice-cover, chalice-cup, † chalice-piece, chalice-veil; chalice-flower, said to be an old name for the Daffodil; chalice-moss, Cenomyce pyxidata.
1420E.E. Wills (1882) 46 A stondyng cuppe of seluer y-clepyd a *chales cuppe. a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 54 Sacred Chalice-cup. 1824H. Phillips Fl. Historica I. 99 They were also called *Chalice flowers, from the nectary being shaped like the chalice.
1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. ii. 38 The *Chalice or Chin-cough Mosse creeps along the barren..ditch banckes. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 199 Scarlet-headed Cup or Chalice-Moss.
1443Test. Ebor. (1836) I. 132 A *chalespece of silver round covered. |