| 释义 |
chamberlain|ˈtʃeɪmbəlɪn|
Forms: 3 chaumberling, -lein, 3–4 chamberlein, chaumburleyn, 3–5 chamberleyn(e, 4 chambyrleyne, chaumberlaine, -layn, chamburlain(e, 4–5 -layn(e, 4–6 -leyne, chamberlayn(e, 5 chawmbyrleyne, chambrelayne, Sc. chalmerlain, 5–7 chamberlaine, 6 chammerlayne, chambarlayn, 6–7 chamberlin, -len; Sc. chalmerlane; 4– chamberlain.
[a. OF. chamberlain, -len, -lanc, -lenc, a. Ger. *kamarling (in OHG. chamarling, -linc, chamerling), f. kamara, chamara (a. L. camara, camera) chamber + -ling. The German gave also the med.L. camerlengus, -lingus, It. camarlingo, Sp. camarlengo, Pr. camarlenc. Comparing camera, and chamber, we see that chamberlain is a Germanic formation, kamarling, which we have received through Romanic (i.e. OFr.); but that the basis of this Germanic formation was itself a Greek word, καµάρα, which German received through Latin. Chaumberling, in Ancren Riwle, appears to show assimilation to the native -ling in darling, etc., but it may have been influenced by the L. form in -lingus. (See also chambellan.)]
1. a. A chamber attendant of a lord or king, one who waits on him in his bedchamber (arch.); a woman attending on a lady in her bedchamber (obs. rare). b. An officer charged with the management of the private chambers of a sovereign or nobleman.
Lord Great Chamberlain of England: a hereditary office, the main duties of which now consist in attending upon and attiring the sovereign at his coronation, the care of the ancient Palace of Westminster, the furnishing of Westminster Hall and the Houses of Parliament on state occasions, and attending upon peers and bishops at their creation or doing of homage.
Lord Chamberlain of the Household: a chief officer who shares with the Lord Steward, the Master of the Horse, and the Mistress of the Robes, the oversight of all officers of the Royal Household. He appoints the royal professional men and tradesmen, has control of the actors at the royal theatres, and is the licenser of plays.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 390 As hys chamberleyn hym broȝte..vorto werye, a peyre hose of say. a1300Cursor M. 10432 Sco had a maiden hight vtaine, Þat was hir priue chambur-laine. c1325Coer de L. 3094 Hys [the king's] chaumberlayn hym wrappyd warm. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cxciii, Syr hugh the spencer that was the kynges chamberlayne kepte soo the kynges chambre that no man must speke with the kyng. 1539Househ. Ord. in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) Introd. 33 That the Chamberlaines..shall cause like search to be made within all the Chambers. 1565–73Cooper Thesaur., Abra..a little gyrle or mayde that attendeth on hir Maystresse, especially in hir chamber: a Chamberlayne. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. i. 123 My good Lord Chamberlaine. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2056/4 His Majesty has been pleased to constitute the Right Honorable the Earl of Aylesbury Lord Chamberlain of his Houshold. 1795Coleridge Plot Discov. 19 If ‘the Robbers’ can be legally suppressed by that thing yclept a Lord Chamberlain. 1875Maine Hist. Inst. v. 139 The Chamberlain of the Romano-German Emperors is now the German Emperor. Mod. Newspr. ‘The Lord Chamberlain lengthened the skirts of the ballet’.
fig.a1225Ancr. R. 410 Luue is his chaumberling. 138.Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 165 Wommen is chaumburleyn of hert of mon þat lufs hir. 1608R. Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 5 Riches, her chamberlaine..beauty her bed-fellow.
2. A steward;
†a. title of a chief officer of the kingdom of Scotland (obs.);
b. an officer who receives the rents and revenues of a corporation or public office (see chamber n. 5);
c. the high steward or factor of a nobleman.
1424Sc. Acts Jas. I (1597) §42 In euerie Burgh..the Chalmerlain sall inquire in his aire ȝeirlie, gif the Aldermen and Baillies, hes keiped the act. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 131 Iustices of Forests, Justices and Chamberleyns of Cuntreis, the Warden of the Ports. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 370 That the chamberleyn resceyve alle maner rentez. 1526Tindale Rom. xvi. 23 Erastus the chamberlayne [οἰκονόµος] of the cite saluteth you. 1538Starkey England ii. ii. 182 Lord Marschal Steuard and Chamburleyn of England. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 162 The Kings Chalmerlane, within the Kings Burrowes. 1620J. Wilkinson Court Leet 136 That you well and truly shall serve the maior, aldermen, and burgesses of this town..in the office of chamberlaine or generall receiver. 1727–51[see chamber n. 5]. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 38 On the large estates, there was an officer, next in authority to the proprietor himself, who under the name of chamberlain, was at once minister, general, and manager of the estate. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 201 All officers of the old corporations, such as town clerks, bailiffs, treasurers, or chamberlains. 1883Pall Mall G. 10 Oct. 10/1 His Grace says the latter made unfounded..insinuations against..his chamberlain. 1884B. Scott Lond. Roll Fame 2 Admission to the Freedom should be made only in the Chamberlain's Court held in the Guildhall.
†3. An attendant at an inn, in charge of the bedchambers; a waiter or chambermaid. Obs.
1587F. James in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 200 Given the ostler and chamberlayne..2d. 1631Milton On University Carrier i. 14 [Death] In the kind office of a chamberlin Showed him his room where he must lodge that night. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 19 The merited reprobation..of French beds and French chamberlains. 1829Hood Eug. Aram xxiv, But Guilt was my grim chamberlain That lighted me to bed.
4. attrib., as in † chamberlain ayre or chamberlain eyre (Sc.).
1805R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 146 He held circuits, or chamberlain ayres (as they were called), in the different boroughs, for the purpose of reviewing the decrees of the magistrates. |