| 释义 |
ˈshake-down
[f. vbl. phrase to shake down: see shake v. 12.]
1. A bed made upon straw loosely disposed upon the floor or ground; hence, any makeshift bed, esp. one made up on the floor.
c1730Burt Lett. N. Scot. (1754) I. 107 The same Blanket..is made a Part of their Bedding at Night, which is generally spread upon the Floor; this I think they call a Shake⁓down. a1820A. Young Autobiog. iv. (1898) 72 A ‘shake⁓down’ when I was in Ireland [1776–8] meant some clean straw spread upon the floor, with blankets and sheets. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. vii, You can give him a shake-down here to-night, can't you? 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 77 When the party broke up there was no leaving at so late an hour, and shake-downs were improvised for at least forty..guests.
attrib.1891Catholic News 29 Aug. 8/4 Shake-down straw beds with a rug or two for covering.
2. a. An act of shaking down: see shake v. 12.
1878Hardy Ret. Native vi. iv, Now gie the bed a shake down. We've put in seventy pound of best feathers.
b. A forced contribution; an instance of extortion. Cf. shake v. 16 c. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1902in Dict. Americanisms (1951) s.v. shake, To the historic phrase ‘blackmail’..have been added, as words of similar evil omen, the new and expressive terms shake-down and rake-off. 1903A. H. Hodder Fight for City 219 He [sc. a New York policeman] was fined 30 days' pay because he would not stand for a ‘shake⁓down’, which means that he had refused to give from time to time upon demand 5 or 10 dollars..to his superiors to be used for purposes unknown. 1916J. London Let. 12 Oct. (1966) 473 A usurer..slunk out because..he saw the shake-down of me would not go through. 1941Sun (Baltimore) 31 Mar. 1/7 Jack Pollack..was named..as the man behind a demand for a $2,500 ‘shakedown’ to kill a liquor license bill in the Legislature. 1978S. Brill Teamsters ix. 329 While the shakedown was proved, it was never shown that the money went to Presser personally.
c. A search of a person or a place. Cf. shake v. 16 d. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1914Jackson & Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 75 Shake down, noun. General currency. A personal search; a deprivation of one's personal belongings... Example: ‘If this dick nails you you'll have to stand a shake down.’ 1936Sun (Baltimore) 31 Jan. 3/5 A sudden ‘shakedown’ of the Stateville Penitentiary resulted in the seizure of several knives. 1958Landfall (N.Z.) XII. ii. 123 But about nine o'clock, without any warning, there was a shake-down [of prisoners]. 1977D. Bagley Enemy viii. 53, I really wanted..to give Ashton's study a good shake-down. But..it's bad form..to be found searching through your host's private papers.
3. attrib. (sense 2 a) shakedown test; (sense 2 b), as shake-down dodge, shake-down scheme; (sense 2 c), as shake-down party; shake-down cruise Naut. (orig. U.S.), a cruise designed to test a newly-launched ship and its equipment and to train its crew; also fig.; similarly shake-down flight Aeronaut.
1927G. Bradford Gloss. Sea Terms 156/1 Shakedown cruise, one for the purpose of adjusting machinery and instruments, and familiarizing a crew with a new vessel. 1933Sun (Baltimore) 21 Jan. 16/7 The newest addition to the navy..is on its ‘shake-down’ cruise. 1968Wall St. Jrnl. (Eastern ed.) 12 Sept. 1/1 The first week on the road..has been a shakedown cruise for the Senator and his staff—enabling the candidate to test stump themes,..giving aides experience at writing speeches and organizing motorcades, [etc.]. 1978P. O'Donnell Dragon's Claw ii. 27 The boat's 'ad a shakedown cruise and..it 'andles beautifully.
1934D. Runyon in Collier's 24 Nov. 52/2 He is only going back to his old shake-down dodge, so all you have to do is to buy him off.
1939Sun (Baltimore) 25 Mar. 20/3 The 10,000-mile shakedown flight will require about two weeks.
1952Here & Now (N.Z.) II. iv. 32 The shake-down parties have been through the cells pretty often.
1976Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. a2/4 The mayor's own press secretary was convicted in a shake⁓down scheme.
1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 2 May (recto rear cover), To send them into actual service..without modification or further shakedown test.
Add:[2.] d. A period or process of adjustment or change.
1946D. C. Peattie Road of Naturalist i. 10 The four-hundred-year shake-down of the Graeco-Roman civilization. 1960New Left Rev. Nov.–Dec. 3/2 The mixed economy will emerge naturally in the process of shake-down. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 13 Mar. 8/6 ‘We had to expect some problems,’ explains an executive of a bank in Montgomery County, Maryland, that is in the midst of its shakedown period. 1986U.S.A. Today 11–13 July a9/1 There's probably going to be a shakedown in some of these organizations in cities that haven't been successful for a prolonged period.
e. A trial run; = shakedown test below. orig. U.S.
1958Sci. Amer. Jan. 28/3 The experience with the first two Soviet satellites provided a valuable shakedown for the Minitrack system. 1975Aviation Week & Space Technol. 27 Oct. 73/1 All phases of testing, including shipyard testing, demonstration and shakedown. 1985Truck & Driver June 21/1 As an introduction to the season it's been a good shakedown. 1987Rally Car Apr. 102/1 They were using this event as a shake down before the Skip Brown, unfortunately..the cambelt failed on Warren 1. |