| 释义 |
qualified, ppl. a. (and n.)|ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd|
[f. qualify v. + -ed1.]
A. ppl. a.
I.
†1.
a. In predicative use: Furnished with, possessed of (certain) qualities. Obs.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. v. 66 She is..so qualified as may beseeme The Spouse of any noble Gentleman. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 158 A certaine Gentlewoman..more honourably borne, than honestly qualified. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 45 All Stones are not Qualified alike; some are hard..some soft. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. 75 The moderate sort of men, thus qualified, Inclined the balance to the better side.
†b. Attributively: Possessed of good qualities; accomplished, perfect. Obs.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 25 b, The fine qualified Gentleman..should carie it clean away from the lazie clownish droane. 1598R. Bernard tr. Terence 286 Such a qualified yong gentleman. 1656Sir J. Finett For. Ambass. 238 Reverenced amongst them for his..descent from a race of qualified saints. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Qualified, Accomplisht Statesman, Soldier, Scholar.
2. Endowed with qualities, or possessed of accomplishments, which fit one for a certain end, office, or function; fit, competent.
a. In predicative use: const. for († in), or to with inf.
1589–92in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 535 Gif he beis fundin hable, meit, and sufficientlie qualifeit thairfoir. 1605Shakes. Lear i. iv. 37 That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. i. vii. (1848) 89 Him that is qualify'd for such Employments. 1719De Foe Crusoe II. xiii. (1840) 274 A government qualified only to rule such a people. 1755J. Mills tr. Crevier's Rom. Emp. I. 107 That great man, equally qualified for war or peace. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 83 A commune was not qualified to dispute concerning things of this kind. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 33 In every way highly qualified for the task.
b. Used attributively.
1558Q. Kennedy in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 152 Than sulde be qualifeit men in all the estaitis of the kirk. 1693Capt. G. St. Lo (title) England's Safety..proposing a sure method for..raising qualified Seamen, for manning their Majesties Fleet. 1849Cobden Speeches 86, I have heard qualified persons say, that the..police there, are the finest armed and drilled men in Ireland. 1865Lightfoot Galatians (1874) 72, I am..a qualified witness of his resurrection. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 93 The plan..was to make a collection of plants and seeds..through the instrumentality of qualified agents.
3. a. Legally, properly, or by custom, capable of doing or being something specified or implied.
1559Q. Kennedy in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 267 That I was nocht qualifiet to ressone with Willok, because..I wes bot ane meyne man in our estait. 1656in Gross Gild Merch. (1890) II. 267 Sundry Persons not being qualified according to the said Custome. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3839/4 The next winning Horse that is duly qualified to run for this Plate. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. ii. ii, No person should be permitted to kill characters..but qualified old maids. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. viii. II. 292 The king..had no right to force on them even a qualified candidate.
b. Eccl. Entitled to hold two benefices at once (Minsheu Ductor 1617: cf. qualify v. 4, quot. 1667).
4. Belonging to the upper classes of society; ‘of quality’. Obs. exc. dial.
1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies v. xix. 380 If any Indian qualified, or of the common sorte were sicke. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 481 These personall wrongs are..of persons not qualified but of common and ordinarie persons. 1703Rules of Civility 116 If..you be behind, and must pass after the qualify'd Person. 1886Cheshire Gloss., Qualified, in good circumstances. A rich man would be said to be qualified.
II.
5. a. Limited, modified, or restricted in some respect; spec. in qualified acceptance, qualified endorsement, qualified estate, qualified fee (see quot. 1818), qualified negative, qualified oath, qualified privilege, qualified property.
1599Life More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 130 Delivering this qualified answer to the Kinge. 1635Swan Spec. M. vi. §2 (1643) 196 If it be taken in a qualified sense, it is not much amisse. 1746Hervey Medit. (1818) 211 Every object, a little while ago, glared with light, but now all appears under a more qualified lustre. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 235 Animals, in which there is no property either absolute or qualified. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 79 Where an estate limited to a person and his heirs has a qualification annexed to it, by which it is provided that it must determine whenever that qualification is at an end; it is then called a qualified or base fee. 1860Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 1/2 Unfit for more than a limited and qualified freedom. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon II. 432 Narcissa gave a qualified reply. 1972Times 16 Mar. 9/7 The defence was a denial of the words in the statement of claim, a plea of qualified privilege, a plea of absolute privilege, and also a plea of justification. 1973Scotsman 21 Feb. 10/3 The occasion on which the alleged remarks were made was in his view clearly one where qualified privilege applied.
b. euphem. for ‘bloody’, ‘damned’, etc. slang.
1886Kipling Plain Tales from Hills (1888) 121 He was..told not to make a (qualified) fool of himself. 1932D. L. Sayers Have his Carcase xxvi. 353 ‘I wish we'd never come up against this qualified case,’ added the Superintendent bitterly. 1949‘E. C. R. Lorac’ Still Waters iii. 39, I..knocked my head on those qualified rocks.
B. ellipt. as n. One who is or those who are eligible for a position, military service, etc.; one who possesses a professional qualification.
1910Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 14/1 In 1908 of 443,385 persons fully qualified for service the [German] State took only 221,852; and it is estimated that in 1911 the State will take only about 39 per cent. of the qualified. 1972Accountant 12 Oct. 12/1 (Advt.), Newly qualifieds—Birmingham.
Hence ˈqualifiedly adv., in a qualified fashion; ˈqualifiedness, the state of being qualified.
1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. App. i. 23 Cæsar had nothing to commend him to the Electors, but his qualifiedness for that function, by the worth of his parts. 1858Bushnell Serm. New Life 308 A force independent and qualifiedly sovereign. 1865J. Grote Treat. Mor. Ideas vii. (1876) 98 We cannot be truthful as we may be benevolent, less or more, or qualifiedly.
Add:[II.] [5.] [a.] qualified certificate.
1916Incorporated Accountants' Jrnl. XXVII. 135/1 An auditor cannot compel his client to be conservative under penalty of receiving only a qualified certificate.
▸ qualified majority n. Business and Polit. a specified proportion above a simple majority, as a requirement for ratification in a voting system; spec. (in the Council of Ministers in the European Union) a majority in a system of weighted voting, in which each member nation has a certain number of votes according to its status, and the required majority is calculated to ensure a proposal may not be blocked by one powerful nation; freq. attrib., as qualified majority voting, etc.
1916J. Grunzel Econ. Protectionism ii. iv. 264 Regulations affecting..the business headquarters of the enterprise and its independence of foreign enterprises shall be under the protection of a *qualified majority of the stockholders, or shall require the consent of a special stockholders' meeting. 1956Internat. Organization 10 572/1 The unanimity rule in the council of ministers precludes lapses into supra-national determination, except in the ill-defined twilight zone where ‘qualified majorities’ of the council may decide. 1978Forbes 26 June 119/1 A few words should be said about the attempts of many managements to prevent takeover efforts... They sneak into the proxy statement proposals to change the bylaws so that a qualified majority vote, sometimes as much as 80%, is needed to approve mergers or similar deals. 1993D. Leonard Guide to European Community v. 44 The Maastricht treaty..extended the range of issues to which qualified majority voting would apply, including transport and the environment. 2000Times 7 Aug. i. 16/1 The intergovernmental conference on the implications of enlargement (the size of the Commission, reweighting of votes on the Council of Ministers, extension of qualified majority voting and flexibility). |