| 释义 |
shamas(h
(‖ ˈʃaməs)
Also shammas(h, shammes, shammos, etc. Pl. -im.
[Yiddish shames, Heb. šammāš attendant, f. šimmēš to serve.]
1. A beadle or sexton in a Jewish synagogue.
1650[see chazzan]. 1675L. Addison Present State of Jews xi. 90 First the Summas, or Sacristan. 1862Once a Week VII. 191/2 The shamas, a kind of curate and clerk combined, brings a glass of wine. 1892I. Zangwill Childr. Ghetto I. 6 Many of the worshippers were tempted to give beyond their means for fear of losing the esteem of the Shammos, or beadle, a potent personage only next in influence to the President. 1896I. Abrahams Jewish Life Mid. Ages 8 It was an ancient custom in several places for the Shamash or verger to announce every Saturday the result of law-suits, and to inform the congregation that certain properties were on the market. 1903Standard 27 Apr., There is a ‘shammas’ acting as beadle, door-keeper, collector, cook, and utility-man in emergencies. 1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., Shammash. 1946Koestler Thieves in Night 288 It was opened by the shamash or door-keeper. 1960L. P. Gartner Jewish Immigrant in England 1870–1914 vii. 189 The observant immigrant in the East End..could not look to..the rabbi nor to the more commonplace shammash (sexton) for edification. 1967C. Potok Chosen i. 27 You should see his father. He's one of Reb Saunders' shamashim. 1968L. Rosten Joys of Yiddish 329 The visiting rabbi stopped in the middle of his sermon and signaled to the shammes. 1973Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 26/2 The death of Mr Harry Goldman in his 74th year has cast a shadow over the members of the Singers Hill Synagogue, where he served as shammas for 40 years. 1976New Yorker 29 Mar. 64/2 The divinely inspired shammes, or custodian, of the synagogue.
2. An extra candle used for lighting the Chanukah candles.
1961in Webster. 1976Y. L. Bialer Jewish Life 161 The Hanukkah lights are..not to be used for ordinary purposes... Alongside each Hanukkah lamp the sages instituted the use of a special candle for normal household purposes, calling it the ‘caretaker’ (shamash). |