| 释义 |
▪ I. charger1|ˈtʃɑːdʒə(r)|
Forms: 4, 5 chargeour(e, 5 charyowre, charyooure, charioure, chargiour, chargour, chargere, 5– charger.
[ME. chargeour may represent an AF. chargeour, that which loads; or it may be ad. OF. *chargeoir, on L. type *carricātōrium, utensil for loading.]
1. A large plate or flat dish for carrying a large joint of meat; a platter.
c1305Leg. Rood (1871) 136, I was þat cheef chargeour, I bar flesch for folkes feste. a1400Morte Arth. 185 Grett swannes fulle swythe in silveryne chargeours. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 21 Lay þe hare in charioure. 1422E.E. Wills (1882) 49, Ij chargours of seluer. 1500Ortus Voc. in Promp. Parv. 70 Lanx, latus discus, a charger. 1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 7 §7 Workmanship of Tin or Pewter..in Platters, Chargers, Dishes, Saucers. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings vii. 50 Flat peces, charges, basens, spones, and censours of pure golde. 1611Bible Matt. xiv. 8 Giue me heere Iohn Baptists head in a charger [Wycl. disch, Tindale and Genev. platter, Rhem. dish; cf. Mark vi. 25 Wycl. disch, Tindale, Genev., and 1611 charger, Rhem. platter]. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. 1738 I. 102 Why do not those goodly Flanks and Briskets march up in your stately chargers? 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Bee, Placing a large Pewter Charger or Platter, under the Cluster of Bees. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 113 Silver chargers and christening bowls.
2. a. ? A large soup-plate or vessel for liquids. b. A large flat vessel for the wort in brewing. †c. See quot. 1496.
1496Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. I. 293 Item for ij dowbill platis of quhit irne to be gun chargeouris. 1766Antiq. in Ann. Reg. (1766) 147/1 A charger full of wine, which he holds with both his hands. 1816Scott Old Mort. viii, An immense charger of broth. 1880Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §25 Fermenting backs and wash chargers.
▪ II. ˈcharger2
[f. charge v. + -er1: cf. F. chargeur.]
†1. One who loads. Obs.
1483Cath. Angl. 59 A Chargere, onerator, sarcinator.
†2. One who makes a charge, an accuser. Obs.
1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 18 In presence of the..chargeris, viz. bischopis, preistis, blak freris and grey. 1700in Col. Rec. Penn. I. 602 Hee desired y⊇ charge might be exhibited agt him in writing under y⊇ charger's hand.
3. Sc. Law. One in whose favour a decree suspended is pronounced.
1747Act 20 Geo. II, c. 50 §13 No Superior shall be obliged to give Obedience to such Charge, unless the Charger at the same Time shall pay or tender to him such Fees or Casualties. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 482 A charger, who..wants dispatch, may..apply to the Court.
4. One who has a charge on an estate or revenue.
1869Act 32 & 33 Vict. c. 116 §5 The charger shall..pay or tender to such superior such duties or casualties as he is by law entitled to receive. 1887Pall Mall G. 14 Oct. 6/2 As long as he remained a charger on the estate.
5. A horse ridden in charging the enemy; that ridden by an officer in the field or in action.
[1712Motteux Don Quix. IV. 1248 [The Knight of the White Moon] presently mounted his Charging-Horse, and leaving the City that very Day, posted homewards. (Some later edd. have charger.) ]1762Smollett Sir L. Greaves I. viii, That elegant charger who excelled him as much..as his rider Timothy was outshone by his..master. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. (1846) VI. 25 The chargers saddled..were embarked in the flat palanders; and the knights stood by the side of their horses. 1801Campbell Hohenlinden iii, Furious every charger neighed. 1808Scott Marm. v. xii, They reached the hall-door and the charger stood near. 1818Todd, Charger, the horse of a military officer; ‘a charging horse’. 1877Field Exerc. Infantry 413 The embarkation of the Officers' chargers.
6. a. An appliance for charging.
a1711Milit. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) Chargers are either Bandaleers or Flasks that contain the Powder. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Charger, a device for dropping into the bore of a fowling-piece from a shot-belt or pouch a gaged quantity of shot. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Charger (Cornw.), an implement for charging horizontal bore-holes for blasting.
b. A device for loading the magazine of a rifle. Also attrib. and Comb., as charger-loading, charger system.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 651/2 The charger, used in the Mauser system,..is placed over the top of the magazine, and all the cartridges in it pushed by one motion into the magazine. 1904Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 7/2 The charger system of loading was also recommended. 1909in Hansard's Parlt. Deb. X. 339/1 The charger-loading rifle. 1958J. A. Barlow Elem. Rifle Shooting (ed. 5) x. 106, I am going to fire ten rounds in two chargers of five. |