| 释义 |
Shasta, a. and n.|ˈʃæstə, locally ˈʃæstɪ|
Also Saste, Shaste, Shasty.
[Native name.]
A. adj.
1. Designating an American Indian people living in the highlands of northern California or the language of the Hokan group spoken by this people.
1843T. J. Farnham Trav. Gt. Western Prairies II. 208 The doctor..had his face very much slashed in a contest with the Shasty Indians near the southern border of Oregon. 1851G. Gibbs Jrnl. in H. R. Schoolcraft Indian Tribes (1853) III. iv. 161 This man was afterwards dispatched..to make another attempt to assemble the Shasté tribes. 1963Language XXXIX. 40 The Shasta language of northern California and southern Oregon has a long history of relevance for Hokan studies.
2. Special collocations in Nat. Hist.: Shasta cypress, the Macnab cypress, Cupressus macnabiana, a small tree native to California; Shasta daisy, a perennial herb, Chrysanthemum × superbum, of the family Compositæ, a hybrid developed by Luther Burbank (1849–1926) and bearing large white flowers; Shasta (red) fir, a large red fir, Abies magnifica var. shastensis, native to western North America; Shasta lily, a yellow-flowered fragrant lily, Lilium kelleyanum, native to the mountains of central and northern California.
1897G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 76 Cupressus macnabiana. Macnab Cypress..[also called] Shasta Cypress. 1908N. L. Britton N. Amer. Trees 101 The tree..is also called Fragrant cypress, Shasta cypress, Macnab's cypress.
1901L. Burbank New Creations (Suppl.) 8 When ‘Shasta Daisies’ were being bred and educated up to their present state more admiration has been bestowed upon them by visitors than upon any other flowering plant growing on my grounds. 1977Monitor (McAllen, Texas) 26 June 1c/7 The church was decorated with pedestal urns of white Shasta daisies.
1897G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 58 Abies magnifica Shasta Fir..[also called] Shasta Red Fir. 1949Collingwood & Brush Knowing your Trees 106 Red Fir, also known as red-barked fir, Shasta fir and golden fir, is found on high mountain slopes and meadows.
1915Armstrong & Thornber Western Wild Flowers 34 Shasta Lily is a variety with a small bulb. 1937J. H. McFarland et al. Garden Bulbs in Color 155 There are several varieties of this Washington or Shasta Lily.
B. n.
1. (A member of) the Shasta people.
1843T. J. Farnham Trav. Gt. Western Prairies II. 311 (population table) Shastys 500. 1846H. Hale Ethnogr. & Philol. (U.S. Exploring Exped.) 218 The women of the Saste..are tattooed in lines from the mouth to the chin. 1855Crescent City (California) Herald 27 Oct., Some of the Shastas..are represented as having been the last to retreat. 1903G. W. James Indian Basketry 79 The fine white grass, used by the Shastas in the manufacture of their baskets is gained from great elevations in the mountains. 1935R. Benedict Patterns of Culture ii. 42 Among the Shasta it was the convention that only women were so blessed. 1973A. H. Whiteford N. Amer. Indian Arts 47 The..Shasta..had..food baskets.
2. Their language. Also Comb., as Shasta-Achomawi.
1851G. Gibbs Jrnl. 12 Oct. in H. R. Schoolcraft Indian Tribes (1853) III. iv. 151 Higher on the main river, the prevailing language is the Shasté. 1905Amer. Anthropologist VII. 213 (heading) The Shasta-Achomawi: a new linguistic stock, with four new dialects. 1913[see Hokan]. 1965Language XLI. 175 Dixon's Shasta-Achomawi group..was placed in Dixon and Kroeber's Hokan stock.
Hence ˈShastan a. and n. [-an], (designating) a linguistic grouping of the Shasta and certain other peoples (formerly including the Achomawi-Atsugewi), or the peoples so comprised.
1910Bull. U.S. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. XXX. ii. 528/2 Shastan Family..a linguistic stock comprising two principal groups, the Sastean and the Palaihnihan of Powell. 1963Language XXXIX. 43 This neatly validates the theory of contraction with the Shastan subfamily. Ibid., There may have been as many as five such families a little over a century ago, viz. Shastan..; Palaihnihan..; Pomoan..; Chumashan..; and Yuman. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IX. 118/2 Shastan Indians, a group of Indian peoples speaking related languages of the Shastan family of Hokan stock... The culture of the Shastans was imitative of the Yurok and Karok. |