| 释义 |
▪ I. shawm, n.|ʃɔːm|
Forms: α. 4 schallemele, 6 shamulle, shamble. β. pl. 4–5 schalmeis, s(c)halmys, shalemeyes, chalemyes. γ. pl. 5 shalmuse, shalemuse, schalmeuis, 6 shalmewes; sing. 5 sc(h)almuse, 6 schalmesse; pl. 5 s(c)halmuses, schalmoyses. δ. 5–7 schalme, 6 shaulm(e, 6–7 shalme, 6–9 shalm; pl. 6 shalmz, schallmes. ε. pl. 6 shambes, s(c)hames, schammes. ζ. 6 shaume, pl. schawmys, 6–7 shawme, (7 pl. shawn(e)s), 7– shawm.
[The ME. schallemelle (whence the other α forms) is a. OF. chalemel (mod.F. chalumeau):—vulgar L. *calamellus, dim. of L. calamus reed. The β forms (with which cf. MHG. schalmîe, MDu. schalmeye, schalmeide, MLG. schalmeie, mod.G. and Du. schalmei) are a. OF. chalemie, an unexplained derivative of L. calamus. The γ forms are a. OF. chalemeaux, pl. of chalemel, the form of the last syllable being prob. influenced by association with muse n.3, bagpipe; the pl. was in Eng. early mistaken for a sing., and a new plural schalmuses was formed. The reduction of the word to a monosyllable was prob. due to misapprehension of pl. forms like schalmys. See also shalle.]
1. A mediæval musical instrument of the oboe class, having a double reed enclosed in a globular mouthpiece.
Coverdale, followed by the Prayer-book Psalter, uses shawmes in Ps. xcviii. 7 where the original and the ancient versions have ‘trumpet’ or ‘horn’.
α1390Gower Conf. III. 358 With Cornemuse and Schallemele [rhyme hele]. 1524St. Papers Hen. VIII, IV. 209 And furthwith the trompettes and shamulles did sounde and blewe up mooste pleasauntely. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 46 One of them singeth with voice, another with shamble [Isid. xi. iii. 59 b, Vna voce, altera tibiis].
βc1350Libeaus Desc. (Kaluza) 1864 Trompes, hornes, schalmeis [v. rr. schalmys, schalmes, schalmuses] Before þe hiȝe deis He herd. c1384Chaucer H. Fame 1218 That maden lowde menstralcies In cornemuse and shalmyes [v. rr. chalemyes, shalemeyes] And many other maner pipe.
γc1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. iii. (1869) 117 Reedes and floytes and shalmuses. a1440Sir Degrev. 1086 With trompe and with nakere, And the scalmuse clere. c1440Promp. Parv. 443/2 Schalmuse, pype, sambuca. 1480Caxton Ovid's Met. xii. xvi, Gheterns, lutes, shalemuse, recordours. 1481― Reynard xli. (Arb.) 112 They blewe up trompettis and pyped wyth shalymoyses. a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 48 Whereof sume use trumpettes, sume shalmuse and small pipes. 1503Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. York (1830) 91 Item to the Kinges mynstrelles with the shalmewes xl s. 1530Palsgr. 266/1 Schalmesse a pype, chalmeau.
δc1450Holland Howlat 762 The dulset, the dulsacordis, the schalme of assay. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1689 Trumpettes blewe vp shalmes and claryons. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe ii. xxxiii. (1541) 51 The entrayles..be exercised by blowyng, eyther by constrainte, or plaiynge on shaulmes or sackbottes. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 223 b, Blowyng on a bagpipe, or a shalme, or on some other facioned pipe. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 45 Trumpettis and schalmis wt a schowt Playid or the rink began. 1563–83Foxe A. & M. I. 242/2 A noyse of trumpets and shalmes. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Auletes,..he that plaieth on the flute or shaulme: a pyper. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 7 This Pageaunt waz clozd vp with a delectable harmony of Hautboiz, Shalmz, Cornets, and such oother looud muzik. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 379 The denner quhair thair was great mirth schallmes draught trumpattis and weir trumpatis. 1578Lyte Dodoens iv. liv. 514 This kinde [of reed] dyd serue to make tongues for pipes, shaulmes, or trumpettes. 1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. iii. 144 The douting conscience soundeth heavily like a shalme. 1641Brome Joviall Crew v. (Stage dir.), A flowrish of Shalms. 1705Motteux Quix. (1733) III. 238 The Moors..only use Kettle-Drums, and a kind of Shaulms like our Waits or Hautboys. 1805Scott Last Minstr. vi. vi, From the lofty balcony, Rung trumpet, shalm, and psaltery. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. vii. v, Paris..claps hands, as the Avengers, with their shrilling drums and shalms tramp by.
ε1533Cranmer in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 317 Tromppets, shambes, and other dyverse instrumentes. 1537Lett. & Papers Hen. VIII, XII. i. 11 Befor y⊇ Scotysh gent. Shamis & dyvers oder instrumentes. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 14 A great noyse of cimbals, drumslades, timbrelles, shames, pipes, flutes. 1555in Burgh Rec. Edin. (1871) II. 220 James Dromond and his marrowis quha playit befoir Sanct Geill on Sanct Geillis day on the schammes. c1650Scottish Field 320 in Percy Folio MS. I. 228 Many shames [15.. Ibid. 450 in Chetham Soc. Misc. II., shalmes] in that showe: with theire shrill pipes.
ζ1513Douglas æneis ix. x. 67 Wyth tympanis, tawbronis, ȝe war wont to heyr, And bos schawmys of turnyt buschboun tre. 1535Coverdale Ps. xcvii. 7 With trompettes also & shawmes. 1567Drant Horace de Arte P. A vij, The shawme [L. tibia] was not as it is nowe with copper wrythed in In trumpet wyse but [etc.]. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 13 With shaumes, and trompets, and with clarions sweet. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burning Pestle Prol., Cit. What stately Musick have you? You have Shawnes. Pro. Shawns? no. Cit. No?.. Ralph plaies a stately part, And he must needs have Shawns. 1675Covel in Early Voy. Levant (Hakl. Soc.) 211 Their [Turkish] pipe is much the same with our trebble shawme [printed shaurne] or Hooboy. 1685Otway Windsor Castle 193 The Cornet, Flute and Shawme. 1698Fryer Acc. E. Ind. & P. 30 With the noise of Drum, Shawm, and Fife. 1789Burney Hist. Mus. II. iv. 270 note, Shawm in old English is a clarinet of low pitch. 1830Tennyson Dying Swan iii, As when a mighty people rejoice With shawms, and with cymbals, and harps of gold. 1859R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 240 Of these [musical instruments] the most noisy is a kind of shawm, a straight tube of wood bound with palm fibre and opening like a clarionet. 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., St. Dorothy 403 Fair-clothed men that play on shawms and lutes.
b. fig.
1637N. Whiting Albino & Bellama, Vind. Poesie H 3, I knew the Roscians feature, not his name, Yet tis engraven on the Shaulme of Fame.
c. transf. An organ-stop resembling the shawm in quality of sound.
1852Seidel Organ 84 The organ in St. Elizabeth's, Breslau, contains a shalm.
†2. A player on the shawm. Obs. rare.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 207 The same day, my Lord gaff to my Lord Glossetyres schalmevis vj.s. viij.d. 1522Ord. King's Ho. in Gentl. Mag. (1834) CIV. i. 48 When it shall please him to have any Schames, Ministrells, or any such other, to come to his presence.
3. Comb., as shawm-blower, shawm-player, shawm-playing (adj.).
1826Hor. Smith Tor Hill (1838) I. 260 Scrapers of rebecks, *shawm-blowers, and vagabond pipers.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus ii. iii. M ij b, Any trompettours or *shaulme players. 1865Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 171 These shawm-players That walk before strange women and make songs!
1894Du Maurier Trilby ii. (1895) 60 A lordly, godlike, *shawm-playing, cymbal-banging hero.
▪ II. shawm, v.1 rare.|ʃɔːm|
In 5 shalemoyse.
[f. shawm n.]
intr. To play on the shawm.
1480Caxton Ovid's Met. xi. iv, There satte Pan..holdynge a floyte of a rosier, in whiche he shalemoysed & pyped a strange note. 1844Blackw. Mag. LVI. 96 All our talented performers had turned their instruments, scraped, fluted, twanged, jingled, and shawmed to their hearts' content.
▪ III. shawm, v.2 north. dial.|ʃɔːm|
Also shaum.
[Cf. scaum v.]
intr. (See quots. 1855, 1877.) Also trans.
1824J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 49 Keep on our hats and shawm our shins, and be like other Laplanders happy at home. 1855Whitby Gloss., To Shawm, to warm the knees and toes by sitting with them close to the fire. 1877Holderness Gloss., Shawm, to sit in front of the fire, with upraised petticoats, to impart warmth to the legs. |