| 释义 |
chemiosmotic, a. Biochem.|ˌkɛmɪɒzˈmɒtɪk|
[f. chemical a. + osmotic a.]
Designating or in accordance with a theory (the chemiosmotic hypothesis or chemiosmotic theory) explaining the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation by proposing that electron transport within the membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts is associated with the ‘pumping’ of protons through the membranes into the cytoplasm via various chemical intermediates.
1957P. Mitchell in E. M. Crook Structure & Function Subcellular Components (1959) 90 (heading) Chemi-osmotic processes. Ibid. 91, I would venture to suggest that the function of the membranes of mitochondria and of the endoplasmic reticulum may be, like that of the plasma-membrane, to act as chemi-osmotic links between the media that they separate. 1969New Scientist 13 Nov. 327/3 The chemiosmotic theory, championed for several years by Peter Mitchell. 1971Nature 27 Aug. 606/2 In recent years the chemiosmotic scheme and chemical hypothesis..have commanded the most attention. 1984Holtzman & Novikoff Cells & Organelles (ed. 3) ii. vi. 189 Chemiosmotic mechanisms like the one suggested for mitochondria have provided convincing explanations for the functioning of other membrane systems with which mitochondria share some features. 1987New Scientist 10 Dec. 49/3 This may have been how the chemiosmotic production of ATP in virtually all modern organisms first evolved. |