| 释义 |
chevalier|ʃɛvəˈlɪə(r)|
Forms: 4 chevaller, 4, 7 chivaler, 5 chyvalour, -er, cheveler(e, chevaler(e, 5–6 chyvaller, 6 chivallier, chevillere, -ailer, -alour, (chevelrier), 7 (shavileir), chivalier, chevaliere, 6– chevalier.
[ME., a. AF. chevaler, chivaler, OF. and mod.F. chevalier = Pr. cavallier, Sp. caballero, Pg. cavalleiro, It. cavaliere:—L. type caballāri-us horseman, f. caballus horse. The mod. repr. of this would have been ˈchevaler, or ˈchivaler (cf. chivalry); but since the 16th c. the word has been refashioned after mod.Fr., whence the pronunciation as given above; it is also often pronounced as Fr. (ʃəvalje).]
1. a. A horseman; esp. a mounted soldier, a knight. (Now only Hist. or arch.)
[1292Britton i xiii. §1 Gentz de religioun, clercs, et chivalers, et lour fiz eynznez.] 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 99 Ȝowre champioun chiualer, Chief knyȝt of ȝow alle. c1440Partonope 918 He hath with hym dyuers Chyvalours Of Norwey..and Denmark nacioun. c1440York Myst. xvi. 52 Knyghthes I comaunde..Þas churles as cheueleres ye chastise & chase. 1475Bk. Noblesse (1860) 15 The seyd erle made ser John Fastolfe chevaler his lieutenaunt. 1500–20Dunbar Remonstr. to King 10 Chevalouris, callandaris, and flingaris. 1587M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 33 Among the troupe of chyuallers, one Pelops doth arise. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John (1611) 33 They saw..The Cheualiers of Fraunce and crosse-bow-shot Make lanes of slaughtered bodies through thine hoast. 1662Fuller Worthies i. xiv, Knights for the Shire in the Parliament..and, if with the addition of Chivaler or Miles..Knights by dubbing, before of that their Relation. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 164 Carried to his grave by 4 Irish chevaliers. 1848Lytton Harold i. iii, Sacred abbots and noble chevaliers—Normans all.
b. A member of certain orders of knighthood; and of modern French orders, as the Legion of Honour.
1728Morgan Algiers II. v. 317 During the short Reign of our promising King Edward VI, the Chevaliers [Knights of St. John] could do nothing here. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. (1861) I. 37 The order of the Golden Fleece..The Chevaliers were emperors, kings, princes, etc.
c. the Chevalier or Chevalier de St. George: a name applied to James Stuart, son of James II, the ‘Old Pretender’. the Young Chevalier: Charles Edward Stuart, the ‘Young Pretender’.
1726Amherst Terræ Fil. (1741) 194 Of late the chevalier has been mention'd with an air of importance in our news⁓papers, as if he were really some-body. 17..Jacobite Song, Charlie is my darling, The young Chevalier. 1788H. Walpole Remin. iii. 25 A letter..addressed, I think, to the Chevalier de St. George. 1814Scott Wav. lvii, About the beginning of November the Young Chevalier..resolved to peril his cause on an attempt to penetrate into the centre of England. 1824― Redgauntlet ch. i, He spoke sometimes of the Chevalier, but never either of the Prince, which would have been sacrificing his own principles, or of the Pretender, which would have been offensive to those of others. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. Introd. 2.
d. Applied to the cadets of the Old French noblesse, who embraced a military career.
1839–40W. Irving Wolfert's R. (1855) 99 His house immediately became the rallying-place of all the young French chevaliers. 1872Morley Voltaire (1886) 53 note, Chevalier appears to have been a title given by courtesy to the cadets of certain great families.
2. As an appellation of honour: A chivalrous man; a lady's cavalier; a gallant.
1630Dekker 2nd pt. Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 II. 159 Let who will come (my Noble Shauileir). 1711‘J. Distaff’ Char. Don Sacheverellio 9 O Chevalier! worthy to be call'd St. George. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. x, A noble devout-hearted chevalier.
3. chevalier of industry (F. chevalier d' industrie also freq. used), chevalier of fortune: one who lives by his wits, an adventurer, swindler, sharper.
1750Chesterfield Let. 26 Apr. (1774) II. ii. 4 Be cautiously upon your guard against the infinite number of..fine-spoken chevaliers d'industrie..which swarm at Paris. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 279 Doubtful characters; particularly pimps, bailiffs, lottery-brokers, chevaliers of industry, and great men. 1853Lytton My Novel IV. xii. 287 A severe wound on the head, inflicted..by a well-known chevalier d'industrie. 1867M. E. Braddon Trail Serpent v. ix, A puppet in the hands of the chevalier of fortune. 1897G. B. Shaw Our Theatres in Nineties (1932) III. 18, I have no objection whatever to Satan, after elaborately disguising himself as a modern chevalier d'industrie, giving himself away by occasional flashes of lightning. 1945R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 183 That Imperial chevalier d'industrie, Napoleon III.
4. transf.
a. Her. A horseman armed cap-à-pie.
b. The knight in chess.
1796Stedman Surinam II. xxx. 383 The hippocampus, or sea-horse, which I could compare to nothing better than the chevalier of a chess-board.
c. A bird: the Greenshank or Whistling Snipe (Totanus glottis).
[1777Pennant Zool. (1812) II. 56.] 1885A. Brassey In the Trades 118 The specimens included..curlews, chevaliers, rails, water-hens.
5. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib.
b. comb., as chevalier-crab: see quot.
1824Galt Rothelan III. 281 The perfidy of Rupert..sank deep into the high chevalier bosom of the Palatine. 1868J. Timbs Eccentr. Anim. Creation 294 The Chevalier crabs (so called from the celerity with which they traverse the ground). These are found in Africa, and along the borders of the Mediterranean. |