| 释义 |
‖ sheva|ʃəˈvɑː|
Also shewa |ʃəˈwɑː|, shva; schwa.
[a. Rabbinic Heb. sh⊇ˈwā, app. an arbitrary alteration of shāw', emptiness, vanity. (In German books spelt schwa, whence schwa.)]
1. Hebrew Gram.
a. The sign ְ placed under a consonant letter to express (what Jewish grammarians regard as) the absence of a following vowel sound. In certain positions the sheva (called quiescent sheva) has really no sound; but in others it is sounded as the neutral vowel |ə|, and is then called movable (or vocal) sheva. compound sheva: any of the signs ֳ, ֲ, ֱ, which represent the neutral vowel with a colouring of ŏ, ă, ĕ respectively.
b. The sound of ‘movable sheva’.
1582Mulcaster Elementarie xvii. 113 Like to a silent Hebrew Scheua. 1818P. S. Duponceau in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. I. 241 A small vacant space, as it were, between the consonants, like the Sheva of the Hebrews. 1827S. Lee Hebr. Gram. 19 On Sheva and its Substitutes. 1837G. Phillips Syriac Gram. 3 When no vowel is expressed, then as in the Hebrew, a Sheva..will be implied and read accordingly. 1853J. R. Wolf Pract. Hebr. Gram. 10 Hence, when Sheva is placed under such a consonant at the beginning of a syllable, it is sounded like a short e, and is called movable Sheva. Ibid., When two Shevas stand in the middle of a word, the first is a resting, and the second a movable. 1914Davidson & McFadyen Introd. Hebrew Gram. (ed. 19) 23 The place of sh⊇wa vocal, simple or composite, is under the first of two consonants that begin a syllable. 1939J. Weingreen Pract. Gram. for Classical Hebrew 9 The shewa is not a vowel. The quick vowel-like sound is like the ‘e’ in ‘because’. 1965Language XLI. 543 The shva is a masoretic grapheme.
2. Phonetics. The neutral vowel-sound; esp. in comparative grammar, the obscure vowel resulting (in primitive Indogermanic) from an original ā, ē, or ō, by loss of accent. More usually schwa.
1818[see phonologist s.v. phonology]. 1888J. B. Bury in Class. Rev. Oct. 251/2 The π by labiation for q, and the second ᾰ a sheva. 1939E. Prokosch Compar. Germanic Gram. 94 IE ə and ь are distinguished as ‘shva primum’ and ‘shva secundum’, but the term ‘shva’ alone always refers to ə. |