| 释义 |
▪ I. chlor-1
combining form of Gr. χλωρ-ός green, used before a vowel: cf. chloro-1.
▪ II. chlor-2 Chem.
Combining form of chlorine (chloric, chloride, and chlorous) used (chiefly before a vowel) in forming names of chlorine compounds. Like the fuller form chloro-, prefixed chiefly to the names of compound bodies (with the adjectives, etc. belonging to them) in order to form the names of new compounds due to the action of chlorine upon the former. Most of these are substitution products, in which chlorine takes the place of hydrogen, the nature of which is indicated by the remainder of the word; e.g. chloraˈcetic, name of acids derived from Acetic acid, by substitution of 1, 2, or 3 atoms of chlorine for hydrogen, giving mono-, di-, tri-chloracetic acids respectively. Similarly, chloraˈcetal, chloraceˈtamic, chloˈracetamide, chloˈracetate, chloˈracetone, chloˌracetoˈnitril, chloˈracetyl, chloˈraldehyde, chloraloïd, chloraloïn, ˈchloramide, chloˈramylal (produced by the action of chlorine on amyl alcohol), chloˈranil, chlor-aniˈlamic, chlor-ˈanilamide, chlor-aˈnilic, chlor-ˈaniline, etc.; chloraˈnisic, chloreˈthane, chloreˈthene, chloriˈsamic, chlor-iˈsatic, chlor-ˈisatin, etc.
b. Also chloˈracid, ‘an acid in which chlorine is supposed to play the part of acidifying principle’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); chloˈralbin, a crystalline substance (C6H6Cl2) obtained in white needles by passing chlorine through coal-tar; chloˈralum, a disinfecting agent, consisting of aluminium chloride and sulphide with some impurities; chloraˈluric (acid), an acid produced by the action of chlorous acid on uric acid; † chloˈrare, a name proposed by Mansfield, along with analogous forms in -ere, -ire, -ore, -ure, for a compound of chlorine with 1, 2, 3, etc. atoms of oxygen; chloˈraurate: see chloro-aurate in chloro-2; chloˈrazol, an oily fluid obtained by treating albumen with nitric and hydrochloric acids; chlorˈhydrate, a salt of chlorˈhydric acid = Hydrochloric acid (H Cl); chlorˈhydrin, a chlorhydric ether of glycerin, analogous to bromhydrin; of these there is a long series; chlorhydrosulphuric acid, SO3HCl, formed by union of SO3 with chlorhydric acid; chloriˈodic, combining chlorine and iodine, as chloriodic acid, an old name for iodine chloride; chloˈriodide, a compound of chlorine and iodine with an organic radical, as chloriodide of ethylene, C2H4ICl; chloriˈodoform (HCCl2I), a transparent pale yellow fluid, intermediate between chloroform and iodoform, being chloroform in which one atom of chlorine is replaced by iodine.
1850Daubeny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 193 Vinegar..exposed along with dry chlorine to the action of the sun's rays, is converted into an acid called the chloracetic. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 744 Phosphorus pentachloride converts aldehydes into chloraldehydes. 1888Wine, Spirit & Beer 8 Mar. 186/1 They endeavoured to bring it round by the drastic remedy of chloralum and permanganate of potash. 1847Nat. Encycl. I. 655 Chloramylal..an oily yellow liquid, the result of the action of chlorine on amyl. 1865Mansfield Salts 143 In Hypochlorous Acid, Cl O (Chlorare). Ibid., ‘Chlorous Acid,’ Cl O3 (Chlorire). 1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 96 Acting on ammonia with chlor⁓ethylsulphurous acid. 1880Times 9 Oct. 10/3 He applies to painted decorations..chlorhydrate of ammonia. 1860All Y. Round No. 43. 391 He submits it to the action of chlorhydric acid. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 386 Heated with hydrochloric acid, glycerin forms compounds termed chlorhydrins. 1831T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xxiv. 252 With oxygen [Iodine] produces iodic acid, and with chlorine chloriodic acid. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 624 Iodoform, distilled with phosphorus pentachloride is converted into chloriodoform. 1850Daubeny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 193 A compound called isatine, derived from the oxidation of Indigo, and two substances called chlorisatine and bichlorisatine, produced from it by the substitution either of 1 or 2 atoms of chlorine for 1 or 2 of hydrogen.
c. Min. chloraˈluminite, ‘a hydrous chloride of aluminium, discovered at Vesuvius in the lava of 1873’ (Dana); chloˈrapatite, a variety of apatite, containing chlorine; chlorˈmagnesite, a native chloride of magnesium from Vesuvius.
1875in Amer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. iii. X. 481 Chloraluminite. 1868Dana Min. 531 Fluor-apatite; chlor-apatite. |