| 释义 |
chloride|ˈklɔərɪd, -aɪd|
Rarely chlorid.
[f. chlor-ine + -ide.]
1. Chem. A simple compound of chlorine with a metal or an organic radical. A compound analogous to one or more atoms of hydrochloric acid (H Cl), itself called on this type hydrogen chloride.
1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. Introd. 6 Some persons may chuse rather to use the word chloride, following the analogy of oxide. 1818Faraday Res. vii. 19 A strong solution of chloride of silver. 1849Dana Geol. iii. (1850) 202 Chlorid of ammonium. 1878Browning Poets Croisic 5 Ask the chloride's name From somebody who knows!
2. Applied in the arts to a number of bleaching and disinfecting compounds, such as ‘chloride of lime’, ‘chloride of soda’, ‘chloride of potash’, which are not simple chlorides, or combinations of chlorine with metals. (Ure.)
It is now generally believed, that these so-called chlorides of the alkalis and alkaline earths are either compounds or mixtures of true chloride with hypochlorite (Ca{pp}. Cl. OCL.)
1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 583 The chloride of lime is thus converted by heat into chloride of calcium. 1832Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 270 The chloride was brought since the cholera came. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. xxii. (1860) 235/2 Thoroughly fumigated with sulphur and Chloride-of-Lime. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 781 Chloride of lime—so called—was first employed in the liquid form as a bleaching agent in 1798. Ibid., In the manufacture of chloride of lime, chlorine gas is transmitted at a proper temperature through milk of lime, or over dry slaked lime, the product being thus..a liquid or a powder. Ibid. 787 The property of chlorine, to destroy offensive odours and to prevent putrefaction, gives to the chlorides of lime and soda a high value. Ibid., Chloride of potash is known as Water of Javelle..chloride of soda as Labarraque's Liquor.
3. Chlorides: ‘a common term [on the Pacific coast of U.S.] for ores containing chloride of silver’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.). |