| 释义 |
▪ I. chlorine, n. Chem.|ˈklɔərɪn, -aɪn|
[Named by Sir H. Davy in 1810, from its colour; f. Gr. χλωρός yellowish or light green + -ine3, Gr. -ινη, a feminine patronymic and derivative suffix. In F. chlore, Ger. chlor (without any suffix).]
1. One of the non-metallic elements; a yellowish-green heavy gas (condensable by pressure into a yellow transparent liquid), having a peculiar irritating smell, and very active chemical properties. Symbol Cl; atomic weight, 35·5.
It is not found free in nature, but is widely distributed in its compounds, chiefly in the chloride of sodium (common salt). The simple element was obtained by Scheele in 1774, but was at first supposed to be a compound body (oxymuriatic acid); its elementary nature was established by Davy in 1809–10. It has powerful bleaching and disinfectant qualities, and supports the combustion of many bodies. With bromine, iodine and fluorine, it forms an important group of elements resembling each other in properties and compounds.
1810Davy in Trans. Royal Soc. 15 Nov. (1811) 32 It has been judged most proper..to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas. 1813― Agric. Chem. (1814) 44 Chlorine may be produced by heating together a mixture of..muriatic acid, and Manganese. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 210 Chlorine was discovered by Scheele..and first described by him..under the name of dephlogisticated marine acid. It was afterwards termed in the French nomenclature oxygenated or oxygenized muriatic acid, and by Dr. Pearson oxymuriatic acid. 1830Sir J. Herschel Study Nat. Phil. 56 The discovery of the disinfectant powers of chlorine. 1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. I. 901 Chlorine, by combining with hydrogen or a metal, acts indirectly as an oxidising agent. Chlorine destroys the colour of most organic pigments. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 109 Chlorine is largely used as a bleaching agent.
fig.1838Emerson Address Wks. (Bohn) II. 192 The religious sentiment..is the embalmer of the world. It is myrrh and storax, and chlorine, and rosemary.
2. attrib.; esp. in names of compounds, where it is = chloric, chlorous, of chlorine; as chlorine monoxide (hypochlorous anhydride), Cl2O, a pale reddish gas, with powerful bleaching properties; chlorine tetroxide (perchloric oxide), Cl2O4, a deep yellow explosive gas condensable to an exceedingly explosive yellowish liquid; chlorine trioxide (chlorous oxide or anhydride), Cl2O3, a yellowish-green explosive gas, liquefiable by extreme cold; so chlorine sulphide, chlorine bisulphide, chlorine selenide, etc.
1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 104/1 On the addition of chlorine-water. 1860Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 97 Chlorine gas. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 186 Chlorine tetroxide has a powerful odour. Ibid. 198 By decomposing chlorine bisulphide. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 33 With chlorine vapour. 1881Williamson in Nature No. 618. 416 With this knowledge of the molecular constitution of hydrogen and of chlorine gases.
▪ II. chlorine, a. rare.|ˈklɔəraɪn|
[f. Gr. χλωρός light green + -ine1.]
Of the colour of foliage in spring; light green, grass-green. (In quot. 1849 humorously = ‘green’.)
a1849Poe Welby Wks. 1864 III. 204 Nothing is more clear than this proposition—although denied by the chlorine critics. 1876Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly iv. 34 Trees..green with the first sweet chlorine foliage of April. |