| 释义 |
chock-full, choke-full, a.|ˈtʃɒkfʊl, ˈtʃəʊkfʊl|
Forms: 5 chokke-fulle, (cheke-full), 8 chocque-, 7– choke-, 8– chock-, choak-, chuck-full.
[The phonetic form and spelling and the derivation are alike unsettled, the uncertainty of the latter involving that of the former. In Dictionaries, first in Todd (1818) as choke-full (with mention of chuck-full as a ‘corruption’). Subsequent dictionaries have choke-full as main form, with chock-full as a recognized variant. But the American lexicographers have chock-full as the standard form, with choke-full as a cross-reference; and this appears to agree with literary usage in U.S. Choke-full appears to be rather the more frequent in literary use in England; but chock-full is almost universal in spoken use; chuck-full, in literary use bef. and after 1800, is now only dialectal.
The uncertainty begins with the first appearance of the word as chokke-fulle, cheke-fulle in the alliterative Morte Arthur, the spelling of which is very insecure. Conjectural derivations are from choke v. (ME. choke, cheke) with sense ‘full to choking’, or ‘choked full’; from cheek (ME. cheke, choke n.2) or the related chokes = chops, fauces, with sense ‘full to the chops’; from ME. chok, chokke ? to thrust, ram in, in sense ‘crammed full’. Either of the two former derivations would give an original long ō (which might perhaps, however, be shortened in the combination); the third would give short ŏ from the beginning. Prob. there is a recent association with chock n. and v., in some of their senses, but the latter are too late to be the origin; it is more likely that these senses have been developed under the influence of chock-full: see chock adv. In Eng. dial. glossaries, chock-full is recorded from Lancashire, Cheshire, Sheffield, Whitby, Holderness, Leicester, Warwicksh., Worcester, Berks, Kent; and correspondents send it as the current form in Cornwall, Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Warwicksh., Staffordsh., Derby, Notts, E. & S. Lincoln, Rossendale, Westmorland, Durham, Northumberland, Scotland, ‘all parts of Ireland’, and ‘among all English soldiers in the army’. Chuck-full is in the Holderness Gloss., and is reported from Norfolk, Suffolk, E. London, Oxford, N. & E. Devon, and in the U.S. Choke-full appears to have no local status. As the local pronunciation is usually entirely distinct from that of choke (choäk, chooäk, chowk, etc.), the two words are not associated, and app. have nothing to do with each other; choke-full being thus merely a book-spelling founded upon a conjectural derivation.]
Filled so as to leave no vacant space; cram-full; stuffed full; full to suffocation.
(α) chock-full.
a1400Morte Arth. 1552 Charottez chokkefulle charegyde with golde. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. ciii. 327 Stow thyself chocque-full of the best liquor in the land. 1772Nugent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund I. 153 With a head chock-full of these impertinences. 1825Bro. Jonathan I. 106 Chock-full o' fight I guess. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. (1871) 6 Though you may be chock full of Science. 1863Hawthorne Old Home (1879) 63 Gardens..chockfull of flowers. 1866Dickens Mugby Junction 4 Chock-full of trucks of coal. 1875Helps Anim. & Mast. i. 19, I hate a fellow who is always chock full of facts! 1880Punch 15 Mar. 124/2 Speeches..chockful of puerile insolence.
(β) cheke-full.
a1400Morte Arth. 3605 [Ships] Charggede evyne cheke⁓full of cheualrous knyghtes.
(γ) choke-full, choak-full.
1633T. James Voy. 101 The Bay..fild choke-full. 1790Bruce Trav. Nile IV. 549 (T.) We filled the skins choak full. c1817Hogg Tales & Sk. VI. 272 Full of visitors; choke full of them. 1831Landor Coronation Wks. (1846) II. 611 Catafalcs, choak-full and mountains-high. 1836B. D. Walsh Aristoph. Clouds i. iv, Choakful of water. 1856Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 296 We have a house choke full. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 122 Chests choakful with gold. 1880Punch 9 Feb. 64/2 It is..choke-full every night.
(δ) chuck-full.
1770Gentl. Mag. Dec. 559 He is Drunk..Top-heavy, Chuck full, Hocky, etc. a1816Sheridan in Sheridaniana 280 It is literally chuck full. 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 598 Volumes..chuck full of droll little pieces. 1832Fraser's Mag. VI. 148 Chuck-full and buoyant with good humour. 1834Crockett Tour down East 86 (Bartlett) To make chuck-full the ‘measure of the country's glory’. 1868Putnam's Mag. Dec. (De Vere), These prairies are nature's banks, stuffed chuckfull of cash. 1888‘Q’ Troy Town x. 111 You niver seed a bull yet as wasn' chuck-full o' conviction, an' didn' act up to hes rights. 1893W. K. Post Harvard Stories 31 The public wards are chuck-full. 1929Minnesota Alumni Weekly 1 June 619 She sent us a letter just chuck full of interesting news items. |