| 释义 |
sibling|ˈsɪblɪŋ|
[f. sib a. + -ling1.]
†1. One who is of kin to another; a relative. Obs.
c1000ælfric Gen. xix. 12 Hæfst þu suna oððe dohtra on þisre byriᵹ..oððe æniᵹne sibling? c1425Eng. Conq. Ireland 102 He yaf hymself to lecherye; & nat only to many sengle wommen, bot he ne synned [= shunned] neþer spousbrych ne syblynges.
2. a. Genetics = sib n.2 3 d; hence also b. chiefly Anthrop., each of two or more children of a common parent or parents. Also fig.
1903K. Pearson in Biometrika II. 369 These [calculations] will enable us..to predict the probable character in any individual from a knowledge of one or more parents or brethren (‘siblings’, = brothers or sisters). 1930Nature 15 Nov. 766 A few were odd twins who had a brother or sister at school, and the remainder were either siblings of twins, or pairs of siblings unconnected with twins. 1933L. Spier Yuman Tribes vii. 209 She needed to know no more than the sex and relative ages of the siblings from whom the lines were traced to give..the terms used between any pair in the succeeding generations. 1941Jrnl. R. Anthrop. Inst. LXXI. 7/2 A group of siblings is constituted by the sons and daughters of a man and his wife in monogamous societies, or of a man and his wives where there is polygyny, or of a woman and her husbands in polyandrous communities. 1950M. Fortes in Radcliffe-Brown & Forde Afr. Systems of Kinship 273 Next to the bond between mother and child none is so strong as that between siblings by the same mother. 1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Soc. iii. 68 Thus uterine siblings and matrilineal parallel cousins remained together throughout life. 1957Observer 24 Nov. 15/1 There are..echoes of ‘Death of a Salesman’—the loyal, harassed wife, the two disenchanted siblings, and the salesman father with an unfulfilled dream. 1970Nature 19 Dec. 1221/2 In the herring gull.., the chick hatching from this third egg suffers a much higher mortality than either of its siblings. 1972Daily Tel. 20 Mar. 2/7 The line dividing the Kevin Street Sinn Fein organisation and its terrorist sibling, the Provisional IRA, is almost invisible. 1974‘J. Melville’ Nun's Castle vii. 153 Siblings and kinsfolk did not have to be friends.
3. attrib. and Comb., as sibling group; sibling rivalry, rivalry arising from the jealousy that can exist between siblings; sibling species Biol., one of a pair or group of reproductively isolated populations whose members are morphologically very similar; cf. twin species.
1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Soc. p. xx, The headman's uterine sibling group. 1975H. & C. Geertz Kinship in Bali ii. 57 One brother may farm the plot of land as sharecropper to the sibling group as a whole.
1930Smith Coll. Stud. in Social Wk. I. 6 (title) Two studies in sibling rivalry. 1959Martin & Stendler Child Behav. & Devel. (rev. ed.) xvi. 553 The most common form of jealousy in young children is sibling rivalry. 1972C. Raphael Feast of History iv. 118 Moses..shows more than a hint of sibling rivalry in his attitude to his brother Aaron. 1979Watson & Lindgren Psychol. of Child (ed. 4) iv. 125 Adler was also keenly aware of the conflicts and tensions among siblings..the intense competition—sibling rivalry—for status, power, and parental attention.
1940E. Mayr in Amer. Naturalist LXXIV. 258 Sibling species: The opposite condition exists where pairs or larger groups of related species are so similar that they are generally considered as one species. 1942― Systematics & Origin of Species vii. 151, I call..morphologically similar and closely related, but sympatric species, sibling species. This corresponds to the ‘dual species’ of Pryer and of Hering (1935). 1979Nature 7 June 557/2 The eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and western meadowlark (S. neglecta) are sibling species of songbirds in secondary contact throughout a narrow zone of sympatry in central North America.
Hence ˈsiblingship = sibship 1.
1950M. Fortes in Radcliffe-Brown & Forde Afr. Syst. of Kinship & Marriage 273 The range within which the bond of siblingship is accepted as automatically binding. 1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity Afr. Soc. vii. 226 These are all means..of reducing the strength of uterine siblingship. 1970[see kinship 1 b]. |