| 释义 |
cis-
prefix, repr. L. cis prep. ‘on this side of’, opposed to trans or ultra, across, beyond; also used in comb. as in cis-alpīnus, cis-montānus, lying on this side the Alps or the mountains, cis-rhenānus on this side the Rhine, cis-tiberis on this side the Tiber. The two first of these esp. continued in use in med.L. in reference to Rome and Italy, whence It. cisalpino, F. cisalpin, cismontain, cisalpine, cismontane.
1. In modern use, either as adaptations of L. as cis-marine, on this side of the sea, cis-padane, on this side the Po, cis-rhenane, on this side the Rhine, etc., or formed on the adjs. belonging to modern names, as cis-andine, on this side the Andes; cis-atlantic, on this side the Atlantic; hence cis-atˈlantically adv.; cis-ˈcaspian; cis-daˈnubian; cis-elysian; cis-equatorial; cis-gangetic; cis-leithan, on this side the Leitha which separates Austria and Hungary; cis-lunar, on this side the moon; cis-oceanic; cis-platine; cis-pontine, on this side the bridges, viz., in London, north of the Thames; cis-uˈralian. Also, cis-ˈborder; cis-ˈIndus.
The evidence shows considerable variation in the use of capital or lower-case initial in both elements of these combinations.
1870–6J. Orton Andes & Amazons ii. xxxvii. (ed. 3) 488 All the great forests of South America are *cisandine.
1785T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 118, I only mean to suggest a doubt,..whether nature has enlisted herself as a *Cis- or Trans-Atlantic partisan? 1805‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unv. iii. 72 Our poetical and rhetorical flourishes from Cis-Atlantic sources. 1823T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 381 Our second [maxim should be], never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic affairs. 1884J. Parker in Chr. World 9 Oct. 764/2 Churches cisatlantic and transatlantic. 1932Scrutiny I. 72 The New Republic exerts itself to perform these offices as no cis-Atlantic periodical.
1909Daily Chron. 23 June 3/2 In any case, it is not *cis-Atlantically true.
1864Miss Cornwallis in Sat. Rev. XVIII. 463 Pray tell me about the trans-bedpost regions; my whole concern at present is the *cis-bedpost—a very narrow domain.
190119th Cent. Apr. 711 Raised in fixed proportion from the transborder and *cis-border clans.
1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 5/2 The *Ciscaspian steppes.
1860De Quincey Cæsars in Wks. X. 168 Homes had been obtained by Trans-Danubian barbarians upon the *Cis-Danubian territory of Rome.
1887Stevenson Underwoods i. xiij. 26 *Cis-Elysian river-shores.
1855–60Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ix. §447 The waters of *cis-equatorial seas.
1817Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 352 Between the *cis-gangetic and trans-gangetic regions.
1907New Reformer Dec. 325 The..*Cis-Indus Aryan world.
1870Gladstone Glean. IV. v. 202 The *Cis-leithan populations. 1871Daily News 21 Sept., Austria must either consent to let go her Cis-leithan provinces.
1867–77G. Chambers Astron. ii. vi. 214 If they are *cis-lunar [rays]. 1958Gloss. Aero-Space Terms 7/2 Cislunar, of or pertaining to space between the earth and the orbit of the moon, or to a sphere of space centered on the earth with a radius equal to the distance between the earth and the moon. 1959New Scientist 5 Mar. 499/2 What matters about this week's Pioneer IV Moonshot are the Geiger counters that it has been carrying for the further exploration of the atomic radiation in cis-lunar space.
1713Bentley Wks. (1836–38) III. 381 Though they take the *Cismarine critic to their aid and assistance. 1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. ii. 34 Points..in favour of Cismontane Gothic for Cismarine England.
1886Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 6/1 The generally accepted *cis-oceanic ideas.
1797Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 311 Is it to the *Cispadane or to the Transpadane republicks..that we address all these pledges?
1880Lib. Univ. Knowl. (N.Y.) IV. 13 [Uruguay] belonged to Brazil and had the name of the *Cisplatine province.
1860Mrs. W. P. Byrne Undercurrents Overlooked I. 78 The..Metropolitan theatres, *cispontine and transpontine. 1864Realm 1 June 8 Made his bow before a cispontine audience.
1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 237 Bhutseer, which borders the *Cis-Sutledge provinces.
1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 79/2 The Permians, or Cis-Uralian Finns.
2. transf. to time = Since, subsequent to, as cis-Elizabethan, cis-reformation.
1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 3 The modern school, which admits no *cis-Elizabethan authority save Milton.
1662Fuller Worthies iii. 45, I place him confidently not a trans-, but *Cis-reformation-man.
3. Chem. (Also without hyphen as a quasi-adj.) Designating a compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound; cis-trans isomerism, a form of isomerism in which in one isomer two identical groups are on the same side of the plane of a double bond whereas in the other isomer they are on opposite sides; so cis-trans isomer; (see also quot. 19642).
[1888A. Baeyer in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie CCXLV. 137 Ich schlage dafür die Bezeichnung ‘cis’ und ‘trans’ vor, welche andeuten sollen, dass der eine Bestandtheil diesseits und der andere jenseits der Ebene des Ringes befindlich ist.] 1888Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LIV. 1074 When treated with zinc-dust and glacial acetic acid, it yields the cis-hexa-hydro-acid. 1889Ibid. LVI. 1177 The cis-acid and its salts are distinguished from the corresponding cistrans compounds by the greater solubility of the former. 1907J. B. Cohen Org. Chem. 110 It exhibits lateral symmetry, and is known as the plane-symmetric, or, more commonly, as the cis or malenoid form. 1937Nature 3 July 25/1 One would expect the cis form of ethylene iodide to be its normal condition. 1946Ann. Reg. 1945 351 A new vitamin A has been described..as a cis-trans isomer of the Standard A at the double bond nearest the hydroxyl group. 1957[see cistron]. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. iii. 40 Maleic acid, which has the like groups on the same side of the double bond, is called the ‘cis’ isomer. Ibid. 41 This method of naming the isomers has led to the alternative name ‘cist-rans’ isomerism for geometrical isomerism. Ibid. v. 84 trans-But-2-ene..cis-But-2-ene. 1964D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 265 Two kinds of genotype identical in all respects except one: whether the two mutant sites are located in the same or in opposite chromosomes. In the first case the mutant sites are said to be in the trans..arrangement, and in the second case in the cis..arrangement. When a phenotypic difference is observed between the cis heterozygote..and the trans heterozygote,..this is known as the ‘cis-trans’ effect. |