| 释义 |
citadel|ˈsɪtədəl|
Forms: 6–7 citadella, citadell, 7 cittadell, citadle, 7–8 cittadel, 7– citadel.
[a. F. citadelle, ad. It. cittadella, dim. of città, cittade city:—L. cīvitāt-em. Lit. little city: i.e. the smaller or inner fortified city, usually on an eminence, round which the larger city of later times gradually formed itself.]
1. The fortress commanding a city, which it serves both to protect and to keep in subjection. (Regularly used to translate Gr. ἀκρόπολις and L. arx.)
a1586Sidney (J.), By force of stranger soldiers in citadels, the nests of tyranny. 1598Florio, Citadella..a citadell, castell, or spacious fort built not onely to defend the citie, but also to keepe the same in awe and subiection. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 292 Meete me by and by at the Cittadell. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. To Rdr. 57 In every so built city, I will have..a citadella to command it. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece (1715) I. ii. 7 This was the Acropolis or Cittadel. 1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. 313 Which ships..came to an anchor in the Carenage, behind the citadel of Fort Royal. 1855Kingsley Heroes ii. 211 Theseus, The citadel of Corinth towering high above all the land.
2. a. gen. A strong fortress, a stronghold.
1798Southey Lyric Poems, Sp. Armada, Each like some moving citadel, On through the waves they sail sublime. 1839Thirlwall Greece I. 363 To collect all the remaining strength of Messenia in a mountain citadel. 1877Kinglake Crimea III. i. 93 Advancing to attack a field Citadel.
b. transf. and fig.
1667Milton P.L. i. 773 As Bees..on the smoothed Plank, The suburb of thir Straw-built Cittadel. 1774Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. II. (R.), In the very head quarters, the very citadel of smuggling, the Isle of Man. 1826Scott Woodst. i, Within these citadels of superstition. 1856Mrs. Stowe Dred II. xiii, Life now seemed to have retreated to the citadel of the brain.
c. A building in which Salvation Army meetings are held.
1889War Cry 14 Sept. 12/1 The citadel will be of brick and approached by short flights of steps leading to four spacious entrances. 1906Salvation Army Year Bk. 54/2 A Citadel Company is formed..for purchasing or leasing land and erecting Salvation Army Citadels thereon. 1964B. Watson 100 Yr's War i. vii. 101 The citadel will have cost anything between {pstlg}10,000 and {pstlg}50,000.
3. The heavily plated erection containing the guns, in an ironclad ship of war. Hence citadel deck, applied in some merchant steamers to the ‘hurricane’ or ‘promenade’ deck.
1884Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 11/1 Above the dining saloon is the social or music room, situated on the citadel deck. |