| 释义 |
sicken, v.|ˈsɪk(ə)n|
Forms: α. 3 secnen, 4–5 (9 dial.) seeken (5 -enyn), 5–6 seken (5 -ene), sekyn, 9 dial. seaken. β. 3 sikni, 4–5 sicnen, sijknen, sikynyn, 6 sycken, 6– sicken.
[f. sick a. + -en5. Cf. OIcel. sjúkna, MSw. siukna (Sw. sjukna).]
1. a. intr. To become affected with illness, to fall ill or sick. Also const. of or with.
αc1200Ormin 4771 He warrþ all..Full hefiᵹlike secnedd. 1382Wyclif 2 Kings viii. 29 Ochozias..came doun to visyten Joram..in Jezrael, the whiche seekened there. c1460J. Metham Wks. (E.E.T.S.) 148 To knowe qwat schuld be-falle off hym that sekenyth in ony day off the mone. 1470–85Malory Arthur Contents xxi. xii, How syr Launcelot began to sekene & after dyed. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. (Percy Soc.) 63 My hert sekened and began to waxe sore. 1530Palsgr. 708/2, I sekyn, I waxe sycke.
βc1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 293/187 Anon-riȝt he bigan to sikni; and þare riȝt adoun lay. 1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxx. 13, I bigan to sikynyn the thridde dai hens. ― Isaiah xxxviii. 1 In tho daȝes sicnede Ezechie vnto the deth. 1530Palsgr. 708/2 My father syckened first upon saynte Bartylmewes evyn. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 162 At this tyme the king sickened, and [was] forced to kepe his bed. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxviii. 4 We sicken to shun sicknesse when we purge. 1657Penit. Conf. xii. 331 Being in Normandy [he] sickned, of that disease whereof he died. 1705J. Logan in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 35 The same night he sickened, as he thought of a surfeit of cherries, and in two days died. 1771T. Hull Sir W. Harrington (1797) IV. 113, I was told that Lord C. had sickened much after his bleeding. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 249 The people who were sickening very fast with the small-pox. 1847Prescott Peru (1850) II. 327 Some sickened and sank down by the way. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. 354 Soon after his restoration the Earl began to sicken.
transf.a1822Shelley ‘Music, when soft voices die’ 3 Odours, when sweet violets sicken, Live within the sense they quicken. 1825Gentl. Mag. XCV. i. 130 A small white insect, which caused..the trees to sicken and to bear no fruit that year.
b. fig. or in fig. contexts.
a1225Ancr. R. 368 Monie ancren..witeð so hore heale, þet þe gost unstrencðeð & secneð ine sunne. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. ii. 20 When Loue begins to sicken and decay. 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. xiv, Speckl'd vanity Will sicken soon and die. 1706Estcourt Fair Example ii. i, Why did she swear, unless it was to strengthen her Resolution, that began to sicken? 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 262 In these..The toiling pleasure sickens into pain. a1827Wordsw. Somnambulist 80 Day sickens round her, and the night Is empty of repose. 1861Alexander Gospel of Jesus Christ 113 The appetite has sickened and so died.
c. Used with complement.
1813Byron Corsair i. i, Let him..Cling to his couch, and sicken years away.
d. to sicken for: to be in the early stages of (a disease which is not yet manifest); to be ‘coming down’ with.
1883F. Montgomery Blue Veil ii. vii. 218, I was sickening for the mumps. 1977Sunday Times 16 Jan. 30/5 Amiss, sickening for the flu which prevented him fielding, got his bat caught in his pads.
2. a. To feel faint with horror or nausea; to revolt or experience revulsion at something.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 207 A most perfidious slaue..Whose nature sickens but to speak a truth. 1606― Ant. & Cl. iii. x. 17 Mine eyes did sicken at the sight, and could not Indure a further view. 1703Pope Thebais 136 The day beheld, and sickning at the sight, Veil'd her fair glories in the shades of night. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 167 The young apostate sickens at the view. 1800E. Hervey Mourtray Fam. II. 157 Sickening with disgust, she rose abruptly, and pulled the bell. 1836J. Gilbert Atonement vi. (1852) 165 How frightful is this portrait! the heart sickens as we contemplate it. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 196, I hate, abhor, spit, sicken at him.
b. To grow weary or tired of a thing.
1782F. Burney Cecilia i. v, Cecilia now began to sicken of her attempt. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. x. 96 Men sicken of their houses until at last they quit them.
c. To pine with yearning; to long eagerly.
1802Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) I. xi. 351 Why is it that a Swiss sickens at hearing the famous Ranz des Vaches? 1815Shelley Alastor 181 His strong heart sunk and sickened with excess Of love. 1897Bartram People of Clopton 146 I'll catch the next train to Bitham, for I'm sickenin' to get back theer.
3. To grow pale; to fade.
1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Borders I. 250 The fronds sicken to a rich brown when touched by the first frosts. 1896Idler Mar. 175 Expiring as a whole orb of moon sickens and disappears.
4. Chem. Of mercury: To become ‘sick’.
1882A. G. Locke Gold 21 The mercury employed for amalgamation..sickens or ‘flows’ when ground up with pyritous rocks. [See also sickening vbl. n.]
5. a. trans. To affect with illness; to make sick.
1694Crowne Regulus 1, A Ghost! a damp evaporates from the word Which sickens me to death. 1714Purcell Cholick 175 To disengage those Insects from their Adherence to the Guts, to sicken, kill, and discharge them out of the Body. 1775Romans Hist. Florida App. 53 I have heart of an instance of one of this kind [hog-fish] having sickened some people. 1843R. J. Graves Clin. Med. xiv. 176 The first six doses seemed to sicken him a little, but he did not vomit until after the seventh dose. 1902Buchan Watcher by the Threshold 90 His fetid breath sickened me.
b. fig. or transf.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. i. 82, I do know Kinsmen of mine..that haue By this, so sicken'd their Estates, that neuer They shall abound as formerly. 1801Farmer's Mag. Aug. 312 The want of variety in the rotation would sicken the crops. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxii. 7 Which sicken'd every living bloom. 1876Isa Craig Knox in Whittier Songs of Three Centuries 310 The pool was still; around its brim The alders sickened all the air.
6. a. To give (one) a sickener; to make (one) sick or tired of a thing.
1797Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 341 The Blenheim, passing between us and the Enemy, gave us a respite, and sickened the Dons. 1809Malkin Gil Blas xii. viii. ⁋5 His keeper sickened him of the project. 1824Scott St. Ronan's xxxvi, I..learned enough of what was going on, to give Jekyl a hint that sickened him of his commission. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §1. 63 The long peace sickened men of this fresh outburst of bloodshed and violence.
b. To affect with nausea, loathing, or disgust.
1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. Sutherl. (Colburn) 21 The familiarity with which she treated her brother-in-law..so sickened Jane, that she ordinarily affected illness. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy xxi, Being already sickened by various disgusting exhibitions of the damsel's affectation.
c. To render faint with fear or horror.
1821Shelley Hellas Prol. 109 The storm Of faction, which like earthquake shakes and sickens The solid heart of enterprise. 1867A. J. Wilson Vashti xxii, The strained, almost ferocious expression of her keen eyes sickened his soul. 1883F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius xviii, If we look to the right or the left we must see that which sickens the sense of sight.
Hence ˈsickened ppl. a.
1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. xxvi, Was not the life of Athole shed To soothe the tyrant's sicken'd bed? |