| 释义 |
▪ I. sicker, a. and adv. Now Sc. and north. dial.|ˈsɪkə(r)|
Forms: α. 1 sicor, 2–6 sicer (5 sycher), 4–5 sicur(e, 5 sycur), 4, 6 sicir, 9 siccer, siccar; 2–9 siker (3 -err), 3–5 sikere, 4–5 sikir, sikur (5 -our, -yr, -re); 3–6 syker (6 -ar), 4–5 sykere, -ir, -yr (4 -ire, -ur); 4 zik-, zykere, 5 cykere, -yr; 5–6 sikkir (5 -yr, 6 sykkyr), 5–6 (9 dial.) sikker (6 -ar); 4 syckyr, 5–6 sickir, sycker, 4– sicker. β. 4 secir, 4–5 secure (5 -ur, sekur); 4–6 (9) seker (6 secker), 4–6 sekir, -yr (5 cekyr), 5–6 sekire (5 -yre).
[OE. sicor (rare), = OFris. sikur, siker (Fris. siker), OS. sikur, sikor (MLG. and MDu. seker, Du. zeker), OHG. sihhur, sichur, etc. (MHG. and G. sicher); MDa. seeker, secker (Da. sikker), MSw. siker, sigher (Sw. säker) are from German. The word is an early Teutonic adoption of L. sēcūrus secure a., with the stress shifted to the first syllable.
In ME. both adj. and adv. were very extensively employed, and the precise sense intended is not always clear. After 1500 the word is rarely used except by Scottish writers, but also remained current in the north of England: for a fuller exhibition of the senses in which it occurs in modern dialect, see the Eng. Dial. Dict.]
A. adj.
I.
1. Free from danger or harm; secure, safe.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. liv. 425 Ᵹif we ðæt ᵹedone mid nanum ðingum ne betað ne ne hreowsiað, ne bio we no ðæs sicore. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Þanne beð noman siker, ar he ihere þat lufliche word of ure louerd ihesu cristes swete muðe, venite benedicti [etc.]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 227 Men were first naked and vnarmed, nouȝt siker aȝenst bestes, noþer aȝenst men. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 3 Þat felynge of gostely fyer..in þe whilk þai knawe þame-self sekyr. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. 7 The thyrde cause is for man sholde not holde hymselfe siker. For grete trust of sikernes engendreth necligence.
b. Associated or attended with safety or security from danger, etc.
a1225Ancr. R. 70 Holi olde ancren muwen don hit.., auh hit nis nout siker þing, ne ne limpeð nout to þe ȝunge. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 175 And see þeeves grevede and robbede al þe see, so þat þe Romayns..hadde no siker seillynge wiþ oute oþer socour. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6764 Þar ware monkes..[who] Thoght þai stode in sykir case. 1567Turberv. Ovid's Ep. 125 There may Leander make a safe and sicker stay. 1894Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 152, I'm as great on the side o' the law as it's siccar to be in thae uncertain times.
c. Of places or paths.
c1275Moral Ode 43 in O.E. Misc., Heo doþ heore ayhte in siker stude þat sendeþ hit to heoue-riche. 13..K. Alis. 7065 (Laud MS.), Þise..leden hym, by siker paas, Al to þe gates of Caspyas. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 111 Þe stede þat þou fightys on with þy aduersers, be it semynge euer more seker, ffor þarfore shal þyn hoste peyne hem mekyll more to fight. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 285 A lufsummar leid..That couth be secrete and sure.., And sew bot at certayne tymes, & in sicir places. 1821Scott Pirate iv, Na na, he sall walk a mair siccar path, and be a dainty curate.
2. That may be depended on; in which one can put reliance, confidence, or trust; certain, sure.
c1100in Anglia XI. 377 Swyðe sicore forᵹyfonnysse se mæiᵹ him biddan æt gode. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1268 Þo þe emperour hurde þis, he ne truste wel þer to Wiþ oute siker ostage such þing to do. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7538 Seynt Poule techyþ vs..A sykyr fyght þat wyl nat fayle. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xviii. 240 Syker assuraunce and borowes ye shal haue. 1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 46 In the maist stratest forme, and sikrest still of obligatioun that can be devisit and maid. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 86 He may attach him be sicker pledges, to enter and compeir in the Kings court. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. vi. §xix, Their Goods should be put under sicker Burrows. 1837R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 90 He was a carle in his day And siccar bargains he could mak.
Proverb.c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. ii. 250 It is more sekyr a byrd in your fest Than to haue iij. in þe sky a-boue.
b. Of persons.
c1350Leg. Rood (1871) 76 Seker men he sett to wake. 14..in Q. Eliz. Acad. 85 A goode sykere frende is yuell to fynde. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 40 A more syker attorney may noo man be than god is. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. iv. (S.T.S.) I. 142 It is nocht facill to be declarit, nor ȝit Is It writtin be sekire authoris. 1658Carstairs in Durham Comm. Rev. Pref. p. i, The ablest, sickerest and most accomplished ministers. 1768Ross Helenore ii. 84 He was a sicker boy. 1878Dickinson Cumbld. Gloss. s.v., He's a varra sicker body.
c. Of defensive armour.
c1400Rowland & O. 354 Ane hawberke..Þat sekire was of Mayle. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4465, I a siker shelde sall be. a1578Lindesay Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 66 To theif and reiver he was ane sicker targe.
3. Having a firm foundation or support; firm, unshaken, fast.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2493 As moche place..Þat ich þeruppe mowe a siker bold rere. c1375Cursor M. 2230 (Fairf.), Make we a sicure tour..þat may reyche vn-til heyuen. c1440Gesta Rom. iv. 10 Þoȝ such perforacion be goode, and don for þat þe wall shuld be made moore sikir and stronger. a1573in Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scot. (1843) II. 272, I thinke not the ground so sicker, as that I durst build my conscience therupon. 1785Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook 28 Setting my staff wi' a' my skill, To keep me sicker. 1858M. Porteous Souter Johnny 10 He wad hae stood right steeve and sicker And brav'd their dudgeon.
fig.1877Thom Jock o' Knowe 28 (E.D.D.) Resolve is sickerest when it's placed On a foundation wrought.
b. Not liable to be disturbed or unsettled; stable, assured, certain.
1340Ayenb. 78 Þet is þe uayriste lyf an þe zykeriste þet is ine þise wordle. 1390Gower Conf. I. 22 The world stant evere upon debat, So may be seker non astat. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 130 Grace become gyd and governour, To keip the house in sicker stait. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 430 Being some honest Curate, or some Vicker Content with little in condition sicker. 1857Riddell Psalms xc. 17 Sete thou siccer the wark o' our han's apon us. 1886Haliburton Horace 41 (E.D.D.), Mak' your union siccar.
†c. Of number: Fixed, definite. Obs.—1
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 254 Kynde wil ȝow teche, That in mesure god made alle manere thynges, And sette hem at a certeyne and at a syker noumbre.
d. Prudent, careful, especially with regard to money matters; wary, cautious.
c1662Livingstone in Sel. Biogr. (Wodrow Soc.) I. 208 He is a sicker man: he thinks he will only preach against Poprie, and not make with other controversies. a1800R. Jamieson Pop. Ball. (1806) I. 292 There, couthie, and pensie, and sicker, Wonn'd honest young Hab o' the Heuch. 1808Jamieson s.v., He, who is tenacious of his own rights or property, is said to be a sicker man. 1894Heslop Northumbld. Gloss., Sicker, sly, inward minded. It is frequently prefixed by ‘gey’. ‘He's a gey sicker yen.’
4. That cannot be doubted; indubitable; absolutely certain.
c1375Cursor M. 4134 (Fairf.), Ful secure veniaunce god wil take. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 105 Deed to vs is sykyr, þe owre of deed truly vnsikyr. 1567Turberv. Ovid's Ep. 61 My handes displayde gave siker signes and tokens of my paine. 1827Scott Tales Grandf. 1st Ser. viii, ‘Do you leave such a matter to doubt?’ said Kirkpatrick, ‘I will make sicker’. 1881Good Words 774/1 We made sicker than he was wi' you.
†b. Genuine, good. Obs.—1
a1400–50Alexander 1042 Sexti thousand þai him send of sekire besandis.
5. Certain of its effect; effective, sure.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 41, I salle ȝow say, For to saue ȝour lond wele, a fulle siker way. c1400Rowland & O. 1382 A sekere stroke was there sett. c1470Henry Wallace ii. 408 A seker straik drewe he. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 76, I..hes the tane into the sicker snair. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. vii. 219 Thir Nobillis dois bot rycht, Gif thay the Quene keip still in sicker gaird. 1710in Calderwood Dying Testimonies (1806) 152 Strive to make sicker work in time. c1820Beattie John o' Arnha (1826) 23 The charm is firm and sicker.
transf.1843J. Ballantine Gaberlunzie xii. (1875) 309 Time's a sicker master, an' we maun a' bend afore him.
6. Securely fastened or held.
a1425Cursor M. 16905 (Trin.), Þe princes of prestis of þe lawe went to þat monument And made hit sikur as hem þouȝt. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 95 Than art thow sicker in the snair. 1891A. Gordon Folks o' Carglen 139 Aundrew stretchit his length on the grun', an' they had him siccar as a nail.
II.
7. Having assured possession or prospect of something. ? Obs.
a1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Efter þan þe hie weren wuniende in ierusalem, and weren hole and sunde, and sikere of here giue. a1300Cursor M. 4134 If yee do suilk an outrake Ful siker may yee be o wrake. c1450Merlin ii. 32 He that wende to be siker of me hath failed of his purpos. 1567Gude & Godlie B. 130 Always sall he be sicker of this, That is neidful to want na thing. 1719Ramsay To Hamilton iii. xi, Sicker of thae, winter and simmer, Ye're well enough.
†b. Having sure mastery of an art. Obs.—1
c1470Henry Wallace iv. 559 Few off thaim was sekyr of archary.
8. Having confident or certain knowledge; fully assured or convinced. With various constructions, as dependent clause (usually with that), to with inf., of (for, in, on, with), or ellipt. for these.
(a)c1200Ormin 4844 Beo þu sikerr þatt he shall Þe ȝifenn eche blisse. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7353 Siker þou be þou ne ssalt me finde in none hurne. a1320Sir Tristr. 2067 Sir, siker ȝe be, Þi self schal se þat riȝt. c1400Laud Troy-bk. 10013, I am sicur be my dreme That I am lorn. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. 31 Thow suld be sikkar that the..matter quhilk thou confermis with ane eith is trew.
(b)c1275Moral Ode 40 in O.E. Misc., Þe mon þat wile syker beo to habbe godes blysse, Do wel him seolf þe hwile he may. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 8559 Þai salle be þare syker and certayne To have endeles ioy. c1400Destr. Troy 7991 Make vs sekur, on the same wise, oure soile for to leue.
(c)c1320Cast. Love 952 Ne beo þou in wonhope non, Ac ful siker þou beo þer-on. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 234, I am ful syker in soule þer-of. 1404–826 Pol. Poems v. 51 Be not to sykere of þyne hele. a1500Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 34 Ther-of thow art siker & sure. 1876F. K. Robinson Whitby Gloss. s.v., I'se sikker on't.
(d)c1330Arth. & Merlin 5551 (Kölbing), Ac arst ȝe schul me make siker. c1470H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) ii. vi. 115/1 Yf he be not syker, but only weneth to be syker, he shall not swere that it is so. 1876C. C. Robinson Mid-Yks. Gloss. s.v., In idiomatic phrases, expressive of emphatic belief. ‘I'm sikker and sure.’
†9. Assured of its object; confident, certain. Obs.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1217 Þurh hwam we mahten habben sikere bileaue to arisen alle efter him. 1340Ayenb. 13 Ine zikere hope þet iesu crist godes zone ssolde come. c1450Myrr. our Ladye 257 Lyghtne oure sowles with seker hope. 1533Gau Richt Vay 29 The sekir faith..quhilk is in godis word and doctrine.
†10. Having a sense of security; confident. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter ii. 11 With quakynge, swa þat ȝoure ioy be noght ouere sykire. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints iii. (Andrew) 957 Be sikyr, douchtyr, and dred nocht!
B. adv.
†1. With security; safely; confidently. Obs.
c1205Lay. 15092 Dead is Vortimer þe king, & siker þu miht hider comen. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14250 Ȝyt Arthur hadde lenger abiden, Þe sykerere myghte Moddred haue ryden. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 163 Forto go þe saveloker and þe sikerer to cruel bataille aȝenst Marius. c1440Pallad. on Husb. xii. 267 Hem that remayne al sikur maystow sowe.
2. Assuredly, certainly, without doubt.
c1275Passion our Lord 286 in O.E. Misc. 45 Siker þu ert myd him a galilewis mon. 1390Gower Conf. I. 154 So seker as I have a lif, Thou scholdest thanne be my wif. c1450Lovelich Merlin 6442 ‘Ȝis, Sikyr, lady!’ this womman gan seye. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 159 Sicker I hold him for a greater fon. 1614J. Davies (Heref.) Commend. Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 19 Now, siker (Wernocke) thou hast split the marke. a1717Parnell Fairy Tale Wks. (1833) 18 The board was laid, And siker such a feast was made As heart and lip desire.
b. With verbs of saying or affirming: As a certainty, as a fact.
a1275Prov. of Alfred 524 Siker ich it te saige, letet gif þe liket. 14..Life St. Kath. (Halliw.) 8 Or ellys sekyr y telle the That thou schalt dedd bee! 1500–20Dunbar Poems xx. 47 Sicker I ȝow asseure, He rewlis weill, that sa weill him can gyd.
3. Effectively, strongly, firmly.
c1450Gesta Rom. xxv. 96, I put a gret stone aboute thi necke, & yit þou Rise; I triste now I shalle pley sikir with the. 17..Laird of Wariston 22 in Child Ballads IV. 31/2 The nurice she knet the knot, And O she knet it sicker! 1792A. Wilson On Men Sawing Timber, Experience ne'er sae sicker tells us, As when she lifts her rung and fells us. 1818Rodger Poems (1897) 167 Lay't into our loof, We'll haud it sicker.
4. Securely; without risk of falling or shifting.
a1586Montgomerie Misc. Poems v. 55 Ȝour feet ar not so sicker sett. 1641Ferguson's Sc. Prov. No. 310 He rode sicker that never fell. 17..Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty iv, They sicker raid that neir did faw. a1774Fergusson Poems (1788) II. 20 Ye wha canna staun sae sicker. 1863Quinn Heather Lintie 201 Within oor hearts..Aye siccar shalt thou reign. 1867G. W. Donald Poems (1879) 54/1 There's nae man nae sicker set But he may shift his stool.
▪ II. sicker, v.1 Now rare or Obs.|ˈsɪkə(r)|
Forms: α. 3 sikeri, -ery, sykery, 4 siker(e, -ir, -ur), 4–5 sykere(n, 5 -yn), 8 sicker, 9 siccar. β. 4–5 sekere, 5 sekyr(e.
[ME. sikeri, sikeren, etc. (f. sicker a.), = OFris. sikura, sik(e)ria, OS. sikorôn (MLG. and MDu. sekeren, Du. zekeren), OHG. sihhorôn (MHG. sicheren, G. sichern).]
1. trans. To assure (a person) of safety.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11323 In eiþer half to sikeri him freres him gonne lede. 13..Metr. Hom. (Vernon MS.) in Herrig's Archiv LVII. 287 Þou weore worþi for to dye..Bote for I er sikerde þe Schalt þou haue no skaþe for me. c1400Apol. Loll. 17 Oþer wis may not þe kirk bring a man out of synne, ne forȝef þe peyn, nor man siker.
2. To assure (a person) of one's good faith by a pledge or formal promise.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3155 A þousend pound..ichim wolde ȝiue anon,..& þat ich im wolde mid treuþe sikery him vaste an hond. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 53 Edward sikerd him wele, to mak William his heyre. c1450Erle Tolous 1030 Wolde ye sekyr me, wythowt fayle, For to holde trewe counsayle.
b. refl. To put one's trust in a person.
a1300Cursor M. 11868 Þat we ger get vs leches tuin, In quilk we mai siker vs in.
c. To betroth (a woman) to one.
c1384Chaucer L.G.W. 2128 Ariadne, Now be we duchessis bothe I & ȝe And sekerede to the regalys of Athenys.
3. To assure (one) of a fact.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 932, I sal be before þame bowne in-to þis sammyne aray..I sekyre ȝou. c1400Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxvii. (1908) 144 Than he,..willynge that thei schulde no lenger be distourbeled and trauailled, sykerde hem of his presence.
4. To confirm by pledge or surety.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 69 Þerof he mad me skrite,..& for to sikere his dede, set þer to his seale. 1350Will. Palerne 1463 Sad seurte was sikered on boþe sides þanne, þat menskful mariage to make. a1450Le Morte Arth. 2331 A trews they sette and sekeryd thare.
5. To secure, make sure or certain of; to make fast, fix firmly.
1708Bruce Good News in Evil Times 40 Sicker what ye will, if the main Chance be not sickered, I'll not give a gray Groat for you. 1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. s.v. Sned, The runt must be siccard in the den, so that the [scythe-] blade may have a snanging sound.
Hence ˈsickering vbl. n.
a1450Le Morte Arth. 2322 That thay shall make me A sekerynge A trews to holde vs by-twene.
▪ III. ˈsicker, v.2 rare.
Also 3 sikeri.
[OE. sicerian, = LG. sîkeren, G. sickern (dial. sikern), app. related to OHG. sîhan to strain, filter: see sye v.]
intr. Of water: To trickle; to ooze or leak.
c897K. ælfred tr. Gregory's Past. C. lvii. 437 Swiðe lytlum sicerað ðæt wæter & swiðe deᵹellice on ðæt hlece scip. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 318 Þare beoz ase it veynene weren onder eorþe mani on, Þat sikeriez [text sikeniez] out of þe se. 1903in Eng. Dial. Dict. (Lincolnshire). |