| 释义 |
▪ I. sidero-1|ˈsɪdərəʊ, saɪˈdɪərəʊ|
combining form of Gr. σίδηρος iron.
1. In various names of minerals, as sidero-calcite, sidero-clepte, sidero-graphite, sidero-schisolite; also sideromagnesian adj.; sideroˈnatrite [ad. Sp. sideronatrita (A. Raimondi Minerales del Perú (1878) 209)], an orthorhombic hydrated basic sulphate of ferric iron and sodium, Na2Fe(OH)(SO4)2.3H2O, which is a secondary mineral found in very arid regions as yellow masses or crusts, and can be prepared artificially as needle-shaped crystals; sideroˈphyllite [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf], a variety of biotite containing a high proportion of ferrous iron and aluminium but little ferric iron and little or no magnesium; ˈsiderotil |-tɪl, -taɪl| [a. G. siderotil (A. Schrauf 1891, in Jahrb. d. k.-k. geol. Reichanstalt XLI. 381), f. Gr. τίλ-ος anything plucked (f. τίλλειν to pluck)], a hydrated ferrous sulphate, FeSO4.5H2O, found as triclinic fibrous crusts and needles of a white or pale yellow or green colour (see also quot. 1964).
A considerable number of other compounds, which have had little or no currency in English, may be found in Watts' Dict. Chem. and Chester's Dict. Min.
1794Kirwan Elem. Min. I. 109 It may be inferred that braun spar, or *sidero-calcite, exhibits in its composition various gradations to or from the sparry iron ore. 1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 127 The sidero-calcite and ferri-calcite of Kirwan have little connection with the present subject. 1823W. Phillips Min. (ed. 3) 210 *Sideroclepte..is massive, translucent, of a yellowish green colour.
1820J. Torrey in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. II. 176, I have just discovered a new mineral, or one which I cannot find described. It is a compound of metallic iron and plumbago... I have called it *Sidero-graphite. 1896Chester Dict. Min., Siderographite,..considered a native compound of iron and graphite, but probably a furnace product.
1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 131 It is so much impregnated with iron, that it belongs to the *sideromagnesian rocks.
1890Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CXL. 202 Associated with the *sideronatrite..is a grayish white laminated mineral, ferronatrite, which is also often intermixed through the whole mass of the sideronatrite. 1935J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. XIV. 345 Sideronatrite occurs in orange-yellow or straw-yellow, crystalline masses of fine, fibrous structure which separate into thin splinters. 1975Nature 5 June 472/1 Alteration has produced haematite and goethite on the outer parts of the concretions, whereas the inner parts contain jarosite, gypsum, baryte, celestine and sideronatrite.
1880H. C. Lewis in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia XXXII. 255 The name of *Siderophyllite..has been given in allusion to the large percentage of iron which it contains. 1967Mineral. Abstr. XVIII. 142/1 High temperature metasomatically altered granites of Jurassic and Cretaceous age [in Upper Kolyma, Russian S.F.S.R.] locally include fayalite and siderophyllite greisens in association with Sn deposits.
1825Brewster's Edin. Jrnl. Sci. II. 372 He [Dr. Wernekingk] described *Sideroschisolite as occurring in small simple three-sided and six-sided pyramids. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 240 Sideroschisolite, a ferroso-ferrous silicate, occurring..in Brazil, in hexagonal crystals.
1897Mineral. Mag. XI. 335 *Siderotil... FeSO4 + 5H2O. Idria, Carniola. 1920Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCL. 229 Melanterite, either natural or artificial, is commonly coated with a white powder of siderotil and the fine powder [of the former] will dehydrate after standing for some months to the pentahydrate. 1964Amer. Mineralogist XLIX. 820 From a study of natural and synthetic iron sulfates, it is concluded that the name siderotil should be applied to (Fe,X)SO4.5H2O, where X is any cation or group of cations individually less abundant than Fe. The pure compound probably does not exist in nature, but several examples of the cuprian variety are known.
2. In miscellaneous combs., as sideroaˌchrestic |-əˈkrɛstɪk| a. Path. [ad. mod.L. sideroachrestica (coined in Ger. by L. Heilmeyer et al. 1957, in Schweiz. med. Wochenschr. LXXXVII. 1237/2), f. Gr. ἄχρηστ-ος useless (f. ἀ- a- 14 + χρῆσθαι to use)], designating a form of hypochromic anæmia in which impaired synthesis of hæmoglobin renders treatment with iron of no avail; ˈsiderochrome Biochem. [ad. G. siderochrom (H. Bickel et al. 1960, in Experientia XVI. 131/2), f. Gr. χρῶµα colour], any of various compounds concerned with the transport of iron in bacteria; ˈsiderograph, an engraving produced by siderography; sideroˈgraphic a., pertaining to siderography; so sideroˈgraphical a. (Webster, 1828–32); sideˈrographist (see quot.); sideˈrography, a method of engraving on steel, introduced by Perkins and Fairman and employed especially for bank-notes; sideroˈlithic a., of the nature of a siderolite; sideroˈpenia Med. [-penia], an abnormally low concentration of iron in the blood; hence sideroˈpenic a.; ˈsiderophage Med. [Gr. ϕαγεῖν to eat, devour] (see quot. 1970); ˈsiderophil(e, sideroˈphilic adjs. Geol. and Chem. [ad. G. siderophil (V. M. Goldschmidt 1923, in Skrifter utgit av Videnskapsselsk. I: Mat.-nat. Kl. iii. 5); see -phil, -phile], applied to elements which are commonly found in metallic phases (sometimes spec. in association with iron) rather than combined as silicates or sulphides, and are supposed to have become concentrated in the earth's core; sideroˈphilin Biochem. [-phil, -phile + -in1] = transferrin; ˈsideroscope, an instrument used to detect minute quantities of iron by means of a combination of magnetic needles; ˈsiderosome Med. [-some4], a particle of non-hæmoglobin iron in a cell; sideroˈtechny, ‘the metallurgy of iron’ (Cent. Dict.).
1961Amer. Jrnl. Clinical Path. XXXV. 338/1 The patients suffered from an anemia which was resistant to all forms of therapy except blood transfusion and had an erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with a conspicuous accumulation of iron-staining granules in the developing erythrocytes. Similar instances have been described..under the term ‘*sideroachrestic anemia’. 1970A. E. Lewis Princ. Hematol. xiii. 205 Sideroachrestic anemia is a very rare, hereditary anemia, refractory to treatment with iron, vitamins, or folic acid.
1961Chem. Abstr. LV. 23684 Sideromycins, sideramines, and other unidentified Fe-contg. biol. active substances are taken together as a group called *siderochromes. 1976Nature 19 Aug. 722/2 Microbial iron-transport compounds, or siderochromes are of two general structural types, the phenolates and the hydroxamates.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2174/2 *Siderograph.
1819(title), Specimens and Description of Perkins and Fairman's Patent *Siderographic Plan to prevent Forgery [of bank-notes]. 1820J. Perkins in Trans. Soc. Arts XXXVIII. 47 We, the proprietors of the Siderographic art.
1847Webster, *Siderographist, one who engraves steel plates, or performs work by means of such plates.
1820Gentl. Mag. XC. i. 349 *Siderography.
1899Edin. Rev. Oct. 326 Intermediate or *siderolithic varieties consist of an amalgam of metal and stone.
1938J. Waldenström in Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. XC. 395 All these factors may lead to the same result, most suitably called *sideropenia. 1946M. M. Wintrobe Clinical Hematol. (ed. 2) xii. 533 Anemia was not present in all of his cases but low plasma iron (sideropenia) was consistently found. 1971J. H. Dagg et al. in Goldberg & Brain Rec. Adv. Haematol. ii. 107 Sideropenia causes well-defined chemical and biochemical changes, and may be associated with the clinical tissue signs found in iron deficiency states.
1939Acta Radiol. XX. (heading) 618 The roentgenological diagnosis of *sideropenic dysphagia. 1971J. H. Dagg et al. in Goldberg & Brain Rec. Adv. Haematol. ii. 105 An erythrocyte protoporphyrin level above 40·0 µg per 100 ml. erythrocytes and a transferrin saturation of less than 16 per cent taken together, allow a firm diagnosis of the sideropenic state without the necessity for marrow biopsy.
1970Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xxi. 11/1 In lesions where there has been much haemorrhage, phagocytosis of iron pigment results in a pigmented stippling of the cytoplasm [of macrophages], and such cells are termed *siderophages. 1977Lancet 30 July 244/1 No siderophages were found in the cerebrospinal fluid on the 10th day.
1923*Siderophil [see lithophil(e adj. s.v. litho-]. 1950Rankama & Sahama Geochem. iv. 93 It may be assumed that the typically siderophile elements..are enriched in the nickel-iron core of the Earth. 1954A. Muir Goldschmidt's Geochem. 680 The scarcity of all the platinum metals in the lithosphere is due to their extremely siderophil nature. 1977Nature 20 Jan. 197/3 The siderophile and volatile elements on the Moon are depleted relative to the Earth and meteorites.
1971C. B. Moore in B. Mason Handbk. Elemental Abundances in Meteorites xiv. 127 Although by definition silicon is a lithophilic element, evidence also shows that under highly reducing conditions in meteorites it may also be *siderophilic.
1949A. L. Schade et al. in Arch. Biochem. XX. 170 (heading) Carbon dioxide in complex formation with iron and *siderophilin, the iron-binding component of human plasma. 1971Nature 28 May 250/1 Transferrin (siderophilin) is a beta-globulin found universally in vertebrate serum.
1828–32Webster s.v., *Sideroscope. 1837Brewster Magnet. 352 This apparatus, which he calls a sideroscope, is shewn in the annexed figure.
1970Haematologia IV. 301 In spite of the active rhopheocytosis, ferritin aggregates (*siderosomes) were found in the erythroblasts only exceptionally. 1972W. J. Williams et al. Hematology viii. 80/2 Cells containing siderosomes or ‘iron bodies’ are usually reticulocytes. 1979Experientia XXXV. 256/1 The hepatic increase of ferric deposits (ferritin, siderosomes and lipofuscin aggregates) more or less overloaded in iron in relatives of idiopathic hemochromatosis is well-known.
Add:[2.] ˌsiderodromoˈphobia joc. and rare [Gr. δρόµος course, way + -phobia], fear of rail travel.
1897tr. T. Ribot's Psychol. of Emotions ii. ii. 213 Every morbid manifestation of fear is immediately fitted with a Greek designation..and we have aïcmophobia, belenophobia..even *siderodromophobia (fear of railways). 1981N.Y. Times 11 Feb. c2/1 Four phobias that are likely to make life difficult Climacophobia (fear of stairs); Iophobia (fear of rust); Siderodromophobia (fear of railroad trains), and Triskaidekaphobia (fear of 13 people at table).
ˈsiderophore Biochem. [-phore], any of various chelate ligands involved in the transport of ferric iron in micro-organisms.
1973C. E. Lankford in CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. II. 290/2 In consideration of possible existence of functional ferrous-iron chelating compounds in the microbial world [etc.],..the term siderochrome could become nondescriptive of functionally related compounds of microbial origin. A term such as *siderophore might be more appropriate. 1979Nature 3 May 15/3 Enteric and other bacteria have been known for some time to synthesise low molecular weight siderophore molecules of high iron affinity. 1986M. Kogut tr. Schlegel's Gen. Microbiol. vii. 263 Microorganisms generally excrete siderophores only when the supply of iron is growth limiting.
▪ II. sidero-2|ˈsaɪdərəʊ, ˈsɪdərəʊ|
irregular combining form of L. sīder-, sīdus star, in ˈsiderolith = siderolite2 (Cent. Dict.); ˈsideropore [ad. mod.L. sideropora, Blainville], one of a genus of zoophytes.
1846J. D. Dana Zooph. (1848) 519 They [the Seriatopores] graduate into the Sideropores on one side, and into the slender Pocillopores on the other. |