| 释义 |
▪ I. clasp, n.|klɑːsp, -æ-|
Forms: 4–6 claspe, 5 clospe, clespe, 5–7 clapse, (6 glaspe), 7, 9 dial. claps, 4– clasp.
[This, and the vb. of same form, appear in 14th c. Priority in time is given by our quots. to the n., the etymological priority of which is also favoured by their general tenor. From an early date the form claspe varies with clapse (still used in southern dialects), but the evidence fails to show which is the original. No trace of either form is found outside English; and the origin is entirely a matter of conjecture. Senses 1–2 appear to have been the source of the vb., and senses 3–6 in turn to have been influenced by or wholly taken from the vb.
The n. in its latter part recalls hasp, or hapse (OE. hæpse, ON. hespe a clasp, or fastening); also MLG. and MDu. gaspe, gespe, Du. gesp, clasp, buckle. (Wedgwood suggests direct imitation of the sound of a metal fastening, as when we speak of the snap of a bracelet.) Whether clapse (if this were the original form) could be formed in some way from, or influenced by, clip v. (OE. clyppan) to embrace, complecti, amplecti, appears doubtful, inasmuch as this meaning is little applicable to the primary senses of the n., and appears to have been a later development in the vb., whence it was taken back into later senses of the n.]
1. A means of fastening, generally of metal, consisting of two interlocking parts.
c1325Execut. Sir S. Fraser in Pol. Songs (1839) 222 Ant the body hongeth at the galewes faste, With yrnene claspes longe to laste. c1325Coer de L. 4084 Undernethe is an hasp, Schet with a stapyl and a clasp. c1440Promp. Parv. 83 Clospe, offendix, firmaculum, signaculum. c1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 583 Firmaculum, a clapse, or a broche. c1450Nominale ibid. 734 Hoc armiclausum, a clespe. 1570Levins Manip. 35 A claspe, fibula. 1611Cotgr., Agraphe, a claspe; hooke; brace.
In specific uses: a. A fastening to hold together parts of garments, the ends of a belt, girdle, etc.
1480Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 119, iij paire of claspes of cooper and gilt. 1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 12 §2 Clasps for Gowns, Buckles for Shoes. 1683Chalkhill Thealma & Cl. 51 Their Garments..beneath their Paps Buckled together with a silver Claps. 1716–8Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xxxii. 111 Fastened before with a clasp of diamonds. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. ii. 38 The greaves..are leggings formed of pewter-like metal fastened by clasps.
†b. The hook of a ‘hook and eye’ fastening.
1568Wills & Inv. N.C. (1835) 294, ij pounde black threde ijs.—viij thowsande claspes and kepers iiijs. Ibid. A thousand glaspes and kepers vijd. 1651Overseers' Acc. Holy Cross, Canterb. in W. F. Shaw Kent. Dial., For Goodwife Spaynes girles peticoate and waistcoate making, and clapses, and bindinge, and a pockett.
c. A fastening of the covers of a book.
1454–56Churchw. Acc. St. Andrews, Eastcheap in Brit. Mag. XXXI. 243 Paied for Clapses and Corses of the grete Boke iiijs. iijd. 1530Palsgr. 205/2 Claspe for a boke. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 814/2 The scrypture is in the Apocalyppes called the booke clapsed with seuen clapses. 1549Compl. Scot. vii. (1873) 70 Heffand ane beuk in his hand, the glaspis var fast lokkyt vitht rouste. 1549Bk. Com. Prayer (Grafton), Bounde in Lether, in Paper Boardes, or Claspes. 1710Steele Tatler No 245 ⁋2 A Bible bound in Shagreen, with gilt Leaves and Clasps. 1874Burnand My Time xxvii. 268 Old-fashioned account books with clasps.
d. fig. A fastening, connexion, bond of union.
1675Traherne Chr. Ethics xiv. 205 The golden clasp whereby things material and spiritual are united. 1850Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poet. Wks. I. 22 Unfastening, clasp by clasp, the hard, tight thought Which clipped my heart. 1874H. Reynolds John Bapt. i. §1. 12 John may fairly be regarded as the clasp of the two Testaments.
e. A frame for holding the loose ends of cotton, flax, etc., together during the process of spinning.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1318 The carding is conducted through between these two bars... When this bar is again let down, it pinches the spongy carding fast; whence this mechanism is called the clasp. 1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. v. 160 These clasps are long frames capable of admitting the handfuls of flax, which they hold tightly at one end. a1877Knight Dict. Mech., Clasp, a device consisting of two horizontal beams, the upper one being pressed upon the lower one, or lifted, for drawing out the thread of cotton or wool.
†2. A grappling iron or hook. [See clasp v. 3.]
1552Huloet, Claspe or grapelynge yron, to close shippes to gyther, harpa. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 594 (R.) In the ballast of the said ships..beames of thicke planks, being hollow and beset with yron pikes beneath, but on each side full of clasps and hookes to ioyne them together.
†3. A tendril, a clasper. Obs.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 34 Wyndyng, with claspes about such plantes as are next hym. Ibid. 35 It hath tendrels or claspes as the Vine hath. 1713Derham Phys. Theol. x. note 19 (R.) Claspers..of briony have a retrograde motion about every third circle, in form of a double clasp, so that if they miss one way they may catch the other.
4. a. The act of surrounding or comprehending and holding; embrace. lit. and fig.
a1637B. Jonson Ep. Selden, Nothing but the round Large clasp of Nature, such a wit can bound. 1665T. Mall Offer of F. Help 126 Within the clasp of this blessed covenant. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. xi. 43 Vast Bodies, whose Dimensions exceed the clasp of our narrow Phantasms.
b. Taking in the arms, embrace.
1604Shakes. Oth. i. i. 127 To the grosse claspes of a Lasciuious Moore. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxiv, Diffusing bliss In glance and smile, and clasp and kiss.
c. A reciprocal grasp or joining of hands.
1832Lytton Eugene A. i. xii. (Stratm.), Madeline gave him her hand; he held it for a moment with a trembling clasp. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. xii. 144 Let this warm clasp of hands declare thee What is unspeakable.
5. Something that clasps (in sense 4 of the vb.).
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Clasp-hook, an iron clasp, in two parts, moving upon the same pivot, and overlapping one another. 1878Meredith Teeth 226 No matter how accurately the clasps may be adapted..they are almost sure..to seriously injure the teeth they are thrown around.
6. A military decoration: a bar or slip of silver fixed transversely upon the ribbon by which a medal is suspended; the medal being given for the whole campaign, the clasps bear the names of those important operations in it at which the wearer was present.
1813Gen. Order 7 Oct. in Lond. Gaz. 9 Oct., The Crosses, Medals, and Clasps are to be worn..suspended by a Ribbon of the colour of the sash, with a blue edge, round the neck. 1861Times 12 July, He was..all through the Peninsular campaign, having a medal and six clasps, bearing the names ‘Toulouse’, ‘Pyrenees’, ‘Salamanca’, ‘Fuentes d'Onor’, ‘Busaco’, and ‘Egypt’.
7. Comb. with the sense ‘clasping’, ‘acting as a clasp’, as in clasp-arm, clasp-hoop, clasp-iron, clasp-lock, clasp-plate. [In some of these clasp- may be the verb stem.] clasp-hook, a pair of hooks, tongs, etc., with overlapping jaws; clasp-maker, † clasp-man. Also clasp-knife, -nail.
1835A. Constable Let. 24 May in J. Constable's Corresp. (1962) 292 We must make it square by cant pieces to receive the *clasp arms. 1963J. Osborne Dental Mechanics (ed. 5) ix. 182 Different types of clasp arm..will require different degrees of horizontal undercut.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Clasp-hook.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 24 In seventy-four gun ships and upwards is another hoop put on over the fish and fillings, called a *clasp-hoop. It has a hinge in the middle. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 73 Clasp hoops are..put on over the cheeks between each drift hoop.
1796J. Boys Agric. Kent (1813) 52 Through the centre of the axle is a *clasp-iron.
1664Pepys Diary (1879) III. 5 To the *clasp-maker's to have it [my Chaucer] clasped and bossed.
1619Purchas Microcosmus lv. 522 To the Stationers are also subject, the Binder, *Claspe-man, and I know not what other Frie.
1850Grote Greece ii. lvi. VII. 134 The pointed *clasp-pins of the feminine attire.
1878L. P. Meredith Teeth 226 If suction plates are properly made, much less injury arises from their use than from *clasp plates.
▪ II. clasp, v.|klɑːsp, -æ-|
Forms: 4–7 claspe, clapse, 4–5 clospe, 9 dial. claps, 6– clasp.
[See clasp n.
Senses 1–3 appear to be directly f. the n.; senses 4–7 appear to be developed from these, perh. under influence of clip v. to embrace (complecti, amplecti) which clasp has in modern use to a great extent superseded; and we may suspect in this development some association with grasp, so that ‘clasp’ came to be ‘to grasp clipping’.]
1. trans. To fasten with a clasp; to secure or close with a clasp. Also with up.
1386Chaucer Prol. 273 A Marchant..His bootes clasped [v.r. clospede, clapsed, clapsid] faire and fetisly. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 208/1 Shete my brother the bokes of the prophetes and clapse them. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 814/2 The booke clapsed with seuen clapses. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. §22 (J.) Sermons are the keys..and do open the scriptures; which being but read, remain, in comparison, still clasped. a1763Shenstone Wks. (1764) I. 246 One modest em'rald clasp'd the robe she wore. 1816Keatinge Trav. I. 6 The traveller should never clasp up his note book in despair.
b. fig.
1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. xxiii. (1865) 396 To make him clasp his teeth and not undo 'em. 1829Hood Eugene A. vi, O God, could I so close my mind And clasp it with a clasp!
2. To furnish or fit (e.g. a book) with a clasp.
1460[see clasping vbl. n.]. 1664Pepys Diary (1879) III. 5 To the clasp-maker's to have it [my Chaucer] clasped and bossed. 1716Cibber Love Makes Man ii. i.
†3. To fasten; make fast to, together; to grapple (a ship). Obs.
a1450Le Morte Arth. 1847 To the chambyr dore he sprente, And claspid it wyth barres twoo. 1530Palsgr. 485/2, I claspe or grapyll fast togyther, as men of warre do their shyppes..The first thynge they dyd, they clasped their shyppes togyther. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof St. ii. xvii. 113 The good Merchant..by his trading claspeth the iland to the continent, and one countrey to another.
4. To take hold of by means of encircling parts; to hold closely by closing round; loosely and poet. to environ, surround, enfold.
1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (1835) 85 Þe serpentys..claspyd hir helys ant þe dust dyde lykke þer fro. 1530Palsgr. 485/2, I claspe, I hold a thyng fast bytwene my legges or in myn armes, je gryppe. 1578Banister Hist. Man viii. 103 [The] Muscle..nearely wrapping, or claspyng the hinder side of y⊇ eye. 1604T. Wright Passions vi. 315 As curious a generation as ever was clasped vnder the cope of Heaven. a1845Hood Ruth i, She stood breast high amid the corn, Clasp'd by the golden light of morn. 1866B. Taylor Bath Poems 251 Where headlands clasp the crescent cove. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. vi. 101 Well clasped by the surrounding short tentacles. 1888Lowsley Berksh. Wds. (E.D.S.), Claps, to clasp. [Also in Hampsh. & I. Wight Gloss., and West Som. Word-bk.]
b. spec. To take hold of by throwing both arms round; to embrace. Also fig.
1549Coverdale Erasm. Par. 2 Cor. vii. 3, I claspe and embrace you all together with my whole harte. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 68 Thryce dyd I theare couet, to col, to clasp her in armes. 1667Milton P.L. x. 918 Thy suppliant I beg, and clasp thy knees. 1752Young Brothers ii. i, Rome extends Her longing arms to clasp you for her own. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxviii. 8 In the midmost heart of grief Thy passion clasps a secret joy. 1864Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 223 He clasped me in his arms, and kissed me. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 13 She should clasp her son again.
5. To hold with close pressure of the curved hand: esp. to clasp the hand of another. to clasp hands: to join one's hands by interlocking the fingers; also, to close or firmly join hands with another.
1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 62 Shee claspt my right⁓hand. 1608Shakes. Per. ii. iv. 57 We'll clasp hands. 1795Southey Joan of Arc iv. 160 He..clasp'd with warmth her hand. 1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 203/2 The hand [of the Chimpanzee] is thus admirably formed for clasping the thick boughs of forest trees. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg. vi. Castle Vautsberg, Another hand than thine Was gently held and clasped in mine. 1859W. Collins Q. of Hearts (1875) 46 You will clasp your hands in amazement. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §11. 81 At half-past three p.m. my friend and I clasped hands upon the top.
6. intr. To lay hold or fix itself by clasping. Obs. (exc. as absol. use of a prec. trans. const.)
1568Grafton Chron. Edw. IV, II. 725 The fine steele never cleved faster to the Adamant stone, than he will sticke and claspe with you. 1608Shakes. Per. iv. i. 56 Clasping to the mast. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iv. §15. 397 By his clasping about the timber. 1642Rogers Naaman 450 Cords of mercy..clapse about them. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 215 That the Iron might clasp the better.
7. causal. To bend or fold tightly round or over.
1798Ellis & Canning Loves of Triangles 112 in Anti-Jacobin, Round his tall neck to clasp her fond embrace. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. vi. 87 After the tentacles have remained closely clasped over any object. 1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 103 Mignon clasps her arms round her knees. |