| 释义 |
▪ I. † cline, v. Obs.
Also clyne.
[a. OF. cline-r to incline, perh. aphetic for acliner and encliner; cf. accline, incline. The 16th c. writers may have had the Gr. κλίνειν or L. -clīnāre directly in view.]
intr. To bow, incline.
a1400Cov. Myst. (1841) 114 With alle mekenes I clyne to this acorde. a1400–50Alexander 1901 Ilka kyng sall clyne [v.r. incline] to my-selfe. c1440Bone Flor. 1128 Hyt to falsehed can clyne. c1440Promp. Parv. 82 Clynyn' or declynyn', declino. 1499― (Pynson), Clyne or bowe downe.
Hence clined ppl. a., clining vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1594Carew Tasso (1881) 96 Shamefast and downe clyned eyes. 1538Leland Itin. I. 105 Nottingham..standith stately on a clyninge Hille. Ibid. II. 56 Bradeford stondith on the clining of a slaty Rokke.
Or, are these cliving?
▪ II. cline, n. Biol.|klaɪn|
[f. Gr. κλίνειν to slope, bend.]
A graded series of characters or differences in form within a species or other group of related organisms. Also transf., in Linguistics (see quot. 1961).
1938J. S. Huxley in Nature 30 July 219/1 Some special term seems desirable to direct attention to variation within groups, and I propose the word cline, meaning a gradation in measurable characters. 1949Brit. Birds XLII. 133 It may..be found that the characters of a species alter gradually and continuously over a wide region..such a gradation being conveniently defined by the term ‘cline’ introduced by Huxley. 1952J. Fisher Fulmar v. 75 There appears to be a ‘cline’ in bill-length. 1952New Biol. XII. 16 A gene may vary along a cline in space. As we travel southwards in Europe the genes for dark hair on the whole become commoner. 1961M. A. K. Halliday in Word XVII. 249 A cline resembles a hierarchy in that it involves relation along a single dimension; but instead of being made up of a number of discrete terms a cline is a continuum carrying potentially infinite gradation. 1966J. Ellis in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 81 Between these extremes we might recognize a cline of potentiality/instantiality. 1970Nature 14 Mar. 1027/2 Demonstration of a cline in gene frequencies provides indirect evidence for the action of natural selection at the locus in question. |