| 释义 |
▪ I. clod, n.|klɒd|
So 5–; also 5–7 clodde, 6 clodd.
[Appears in 14th c. as a variant of clot; after which the two forms were long entirely synonymous, but they have subsequently been differentiated, the typical senses being now respectively as in a clod of earth, and a clot of blood.
But OE. had already clod-hamer field-fare, and Clodhangra pr. name; clod must be old in Teutonic: cf. Grimm, kloder, and klod, klot, cited under it. The vb. stem glu-, gleu-, in Teut. klu-, kleu-, ‘glomerare’ (see clew), would give a n. glu-tó-, whence OTeut. klu-dó-, OE. clod.]
†1. A mass formed by the coagulation of anything liquid, esp. blood. Obs. (now clot.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iv. vii. (1495) 89 Anone as the blood is out of the body anone it rennyth and tornyth in to cloddes. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth of Mankind (1552) 44 b, Great lumpes, kakes, or cloddes of bloud, congeled togeather. 1600Fairfax Tasso vii. liv, His locks with clods of bloud and dust bedight. a1620Carew (J.), Fishermen..light on swallows congealed in clods of a slimy substance. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 62 We found several Clods of Blood.
2. A coherent mass or lump of any solid matter, e.g. a clod of earth, loam, etc. (Formerly, and dialectally still sometimes, clot. See also cloud 2.)
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 73 To preve it [thi lande] fatte, a clodde avisely To take..and loke if it be glewy. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 458 b, A clodd of earth which they doe affirme, was under Christes feete when he raysed Lazarus. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 65 A clod of waiward marle. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 565 One..at the Forge..two massie clods of Iron and Bras Had melted. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 154 To think..that a clod of earth in a sack may ever by eternal shaking receive the fabrick of man's body. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. vii. 261 Cresphontes..threw a clod of earth into the water.
3. a. spec. A lump of earth or clay adhering together. (Formerly clot.)
c1440Promp. Parv. 83 Clodde, gleba. 1570Levins Manip. 155/25 A clodde, clot, gleba. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 23 b, The Feelde is saide to be..broken up when it is first plowed lying in great Cloddes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 139 The Peasant..pounds with Rakes The crumbling Clods. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. ii. 93 Clods and stones were thrown at him. 1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxvi. 250 Those words fell on his heart like clods upon a coffin.
b. As a substance, without pl.: The soil or dust of the ground in its lumpy character. Often a depreciatory term for the earth in its unpleasant associations.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 100 Leave wheat little clod, for to couer the head. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 77 If they [the covetous] were not altogether hardned..they would not be so neerely knit to the clod and the peny as they are. 1795Southey Vis. Maid Orleans i. 107 The finely-fibred frame..[shall] mingle soon With the cold clod. 1845Hirst Poems 52 Long ere this, upon my breast The clod had lain. 1880Howells Undisc. Country iii. 57 Shallow sciences which trace man backward to the brute, and forward to the clod.
c. The ball of earth that adheres about the root of a tree or plant. (Formerly clot.)
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. 9 Orange-Trees make no Clod, or Union, so as 'tis very difficult to..change them upon occasion. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 157 Trees raised with their Clod of Earth about them. Ibid., Planting Trees in their Clod. 1828H. Steuart Planter's G. 39 With as much of the clod about the roots as possible.
d. A lump of turf with the adherent earth; a sod, a peat. Obs. exc. dial. Formerly also clot.
1594Plat Jewell Ho. i. Divers New Exper. 12 Where fewell is deere, they vse to make cloddes, or turfs of them. 1609Manch. Court Leet Records (1885) II. 242 Cart loades of greene clods out of the lords wasts. 1884Chesh. Gloss., Clod, a sod.
e. A bit of turf, spot of ground. dial. or techn.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 251/2 The Clod is the green Sod on which..Cocks..fight, which is generally round that all may see. 1865E. Waugh Besom Ben v. 54 in Lanc. Gloss. s.v., Th' dog would ha' toucht noan o' thee, iv thae'd bin upo' thi own clod.
f. slang. A copper coin. Usu. in pl.
1925in Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 59. 1960 ‘A. Burgess’ Doctor is Sick 105 He began to search for coppers. ‘Lend us a couple of clods,’ he said to his twin.
4. fig. Applied depreciatively to the human body as being a mass of ‘clay’; also to a human being as a ‘child of clay’, or as ‘of the earth, earthy’.
1595Spenser Epithal. 411 A thousand torches..to us wretched earthly clods..lend desired light. 1659T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 163 The Audacious Clod, Commanded Worship, to himself, as God. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. i. 15 The purer Spirit is united to this Clod. 1667Milton P.L. x. 786. 1798 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tales of Hoy Wks. 1812 IV. 405 Howl for ever for a breathless clod. 1866J. H. Newman Gerontius iv. 26 Low-born clods Of brute earth.
5. fig. A blockhead, clodpate; a clodhopper.
[1579J. Stubbes Gaping Gulf D j b, Turne vnder perpetuall slauery, as cloddes the country people.] 1605B. Jonson Volpone iii. i. 9 Not bred 'mongst clods and clodpoles. 1645Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 362 Rather then spend words with this fleamy clodd of an Antagonist. 1793Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. Pope Wks. 1812 III. 211 Clap to the wheel your shoulder, Master Clod. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. I. xiii. 175 Jolter⁓headed clods. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. iv. 22 The Doones were of very high birth, as all we clods of Exmoor knew.
attrib.1735Savage Progr. Divine 85 When the clod justice some horse-laugh wou'd raise.
†6. Sc. A small loaf of coarse unleavened bread.
a1774Fergusson Poems xi. (1789) 79 (Jam.) Our cottar childer..Toil for pease-clods and gud lang kail. 1790Shirrefs Poems 245 (Jam.) Clods and Souters brandy. 1832R. D. C. Brown Lintoun Green 8 (Jam.) Sutors-clods In Selkirk town were rife; O' flour baked, brown, and rough as sods.
7. Fishing. = bab. (See quots.)
1867F. Francis Angling iii. (1880) 92. 1885 Sat. Rev. 21 Nov. 673/1 Norfolk ‘babbers’..catch eels. The ‘bab’, or ‘clod’..is a number of lobworms threaded on pieces of worsted, and..tied up in a bunch not unlike a small mop.
8. The coarse part of the neck of an ox, nearest the shoulder.
1601Q. Eliz. Househ. Bk. in Househ. Ord. (1790) 288 He [the serjeant of the Larder] hath for his fee two cloddes, one little rumpe, chine of beefe, of every oxe that is sent in the Queene's house. 1842P. Parley's Ann. III. 132 Her dinner, consisting of six ounces of boiled clod of beef. 1865Pall Mall G. 10 Nov. 9 Every ox has two clods..which do not sell for more than 4d. a pound.
†9. (See quot.) Obs.
1678in Phil. Trans. XII. 1003 The outer parts, or Cuticle (or, as the Author calls them, Clods) of the Hair.
10. Coal-mining. (See quots.)
1867W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 25 Partings will occur, of clod or various earthy material. 1879Shropsh. Word-bk., Clod, shale found in the coal measures. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Clod, soft shale or slate..usually applied to a layer forming a bad roof.
11. A heavy solid blow. dial. Cf. clod v. 5, 6.
1886Pall Mall G. 25 Nov. 4/2 The man..lost his temper, and hit her a ‘clod’ in the head..A clod is a heavy, lumping blow.
12. Comb., as clod-breaker; clod-brown, clod-tongued adjs.; clod-crusher, (a) a machine for crushing the clods left by the plough; (b) a person who walks heavily; also clod-crushing; clod-fishing, fishing for eels with a clod 7; † clod-fist, a heavy clumsy fist; clod-head, clod skull, a clod-pate; clod-mall, -mell, a large wooden mallet or hammer for breaking clods (arch.); † clod-salt, the salt which adheres in clots to the bottom of the salt-pans.
1818Scott Rob Roy ix, The old miserly *clod-breaker called me pettifogger. 1881A. J. Duffield Don Quix. II. 493 Calling her a..clodbreaker's or hempspinner's daughter.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 124 The *clod-brown lark that hail'd the morn.
1842H. Stephens Bk. Farm (1851) II. 28 Crosskill's *clod-crusher..one of the most efficient implements of its class. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., One form of clod-crusher consists of a series of cast-metal rings..placed loosely upon a round axle, and revolving thereon independently of each other.
1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. ii. 76 Shee multiplyed her *clod-fists..about the muzard of him.
1644Col. Chadwick Let. in 4th Rep. Comm. Hist. MSS. 275/2 Being *clodheads merely sensible and sensuall.
1794Agric. Surv. Berwick p. xxxii. (Jam.) To break the clods..used formerly to be done..by hand with *clod-mells, or wooden mallets. 1879Shropsh. Word-bk., Clod-mall, a large wooden hammer employed for breaking clods. 1884Chesh. Gloss., Clod-maw.
1674Ray Collect. Eng. Words, Salt-making Cheshire, A cake which sticks to the bottom of the pan (which they call *clod salt). 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 95 Clod-salt..is there [at Droytwitch] the strongest salt of all.
1707E. Ward Hud. Rediv. (1715) ii. ix, When *Clod-skulls, at the worst o' th' hay, By brutal Rage shall make their Way.
1887Pall Mall G. 17 Sept. 1/2 Unimpassioned and *clod-tongued—stolid and solid.
Hence ˈclodward a., towards the clods, earthy.
1883Arthur Fernley Lect. 71 The most clodward thinker that ever bent his looks down.
▪ II. clod, v.|klɒd|
[f. clod n.: cf. the originally identical clot v.]
†1. trans. To free (land) from clods by harrowing, rolling, or the like. Also absol. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. iii. 28 Eke diligently clodde it [L. occa], pyke oute stones. c1440Promp. Parv. 83 Cloddyn or brekyn cloddes, occo. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 533 To clod it [arable ground] vvith a roller or board to couer it. 1743R. Maxwell Sel. Trans. Soc. Improv. Agric. 323 (Jam.) The ground must be well harrowed, clodded, and cleaned from all obstructions.
†2. To cover with clods. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. xii. 8 Clodde hem [barley, beans, etc.] large, as wel thai may be wrie.
3. To form or turn into clods; formerly also to run into clots, to clot (sense 3). trans. and intr.
1530Palsgr. 488/1, I clodde, I go in to heapes or in to peces, as the yerthe dothe, Je amoncelle. 1572R. H. tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 207 Snowe clodded together. 1639T. De Grey Compl. Horsem. 9 Keep the Vdder that the milke doe not clod. 1655Gouge Comm. Heb. ix. 19. ii. 378 To keep the blood from clodding. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece i. vi. 278 As soon as you have well mixed it [malt] with the Liquor, and prevented it from clodding. 1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West iii. 74 The soil pulverizes finely in summer. It is never water soaked, consequently never ‘bakes’ or clods.
†4. trans. To enclose in or as in clods. Obs.
1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 36 That..man, might spend..Clodded in lumps of clay, his wearie life to end.
5. a. trans. To pelt with clods. Also, to knock or drive by pelting with clods of earth, stones, etc. dial. and U.S. dial.
1709in Publ. Scottish Hist. Soc. (1931) 3rd Ser. XVII. 67 She..thereupon clouded him away with stones. 1755in Johnson without quotation. 1867T. Blackah Songs & Poems 38 We'd to clod 'em [sc. sheep] away. 1888Sc. Leader 28 Nov. 7 The crowd of boys..kept stoning and clodding him for a considerable distance. 1904‘Mark Twain’ Adam's Diary 15 Trying to clod apples out of that forbidden tree. Ibid. 29 She has been climbing that tree again. Clodded her out of it.
b. intr. To throw clods or stones.
1781J. Hutton Tour Caves, Clod, to throw stones. 1867E. Waugh Tattlin' Matty ii. in Lanc. Gloss. s.v. Clod, There's a rook o' chaps bin cloddin' at it.
6. gen. To heave or throw heavily. north. dial.
1815Scott Guy M. xi, ‘She grippit him, and clodded him like a stane from the sling ower the craigs.’ 1864T. Clark Westmorld. Dial. in Kendal Mercury 30 Jan., He clodt doon his books an sed he cud meeak nowt omma. 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 187 He's..clodded 'em into th' carriage.
7. intr. To fish for eels with a clod; to bob.
1888Eng. Illust. Mag. 380, I have sniggled..for eels. I have bobbed (or clodded) for them on a Dorsetshire river.
Hence ˈclodding vbl. n. and ppl. a.
c1550Lacy Wyl Bucke's Test. in Halliw. Lit. 16th & 17th C. (1851) 54 Clodding of the blode. 1552Huloet, Cloddynge betyll or malle, occa. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 541 Where the woodden rowler will not serue, there you shall take clodding-beetles, made of purpose broad and flat, and with them breake the clods. 1816Keatinge Trav. II. 185 The cost of clodding and weeding.
▪ III. clod
obs. f. clad (see clothe), cloud.
In the following, modern edd. read clogged; clodded or clotted, and cloyd are also suggested.
1621Fletcher Island Princess i. iii. (1st Fol. 99) Her spirit..'Tis a clear one, Clod with no dirty stuff, She is all pure honour. |