| 释义 |
▪ I. cloister, n.|ˈklɔɪstə(r)|
Forms: 4 cloystor, cloistre, 4–5 cloystre, 4–8 -ter, 5 -tere, 5–6 -ture, 6–7 cloisture, 4– cloister.
[ME. cloistre, a. OF. cloistre, earlier clostre:—L. claustr-um, clōstr-um, ‘a bar, bolt, lock’, later ‘a shut up place, a cloister’, f. claud-, claus- to shut + -trum instrumental suffix. Before the adoption of the French form, OE. had already clauster and clústor from Latin, and ME. had also closter, and clowster.]
1. An enclosed place or space, enclosure; close; compass. Also fig. Obs. or arch. (In later use app. taken as fig. from sense 2 or 3.)
c1300Beket 2089 Into the cloistre of Canterbure with grete noyse hi gonne weve. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 968 Vt-wyth to se þat clene cloystor, Þou may, bot in-wyth not a fote. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xlvi. 79 b/2 He..edefyed a lytyll cloysture of stones. 1600Holland Livy xxxvi. ix. 924 One part..was strongly fortified with a mure of less circuite and cloisture [circulo] than the other. 1646J. Hall Poems i. 13 Within the Cloyster of a nut. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. i. §39 'Tis now time for the Plume to rouze out of its Cloysters, and germinate. 1831Carlyle Misc. (1857) II. 190 Immured..in cloisters of the mind.
†b. Applied to the womb. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 43 With-Inne the Cloistre blisful of thy sydis. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 220 The cloyster of Mary beryth hym. 1539Bk. Ceremonies in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. cix. 285 Christ..came from the..virginal cloister of his mother.
2. A place of religious seclusion; a monastery or nunnery; a convent.
1340Ayenb. 242 Lottes wyf betokneþ ham..þet habbeþ hear body ine cloystre, an zetteþ hare herten ine þe wordle. 1481Caxton Reynard xii. (Arb.) 28 A cloyster of b[l]ack nonnes. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. v. (1634) 536 Let a Monke be content with his cloister. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. i. 71. 1597 Daniel Civ. Warres v. 50 Fitter for a Cloyster than a Crowne. 1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 122 The villanies of the Cloistures. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. iii. §9 Those things which the ægyptian Priests had to that time kept secret in their Cloysters. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour, Germany II. 98 There are several cloysters remaining in this city, which are now secularized.
b. fig.
1340Ayenb. 151 Þes yef þe [of wytte] is priour ine þe cloystre of þe zaule. 1599Davies Immort. Soul v., Nor in a secret cloister doth he keep These virgin spirits. 1857H. Reed Lect. Eng. Poets ii. 78 To withdraw..into the cloister of his ideal world. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 30 Freed..from the cloister of pedantry.
c. the cloister: the seclusion of a cloister; monastic life.
1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xlvii. 775 The austerity of the cloyster. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 91 In a manner which scents of the cloister. 1888Bernard World to Cloister ii. 14 Reflection and preparation before they enter the cloister.
3. A covered walk or arcade connected with a monastery, college, or large church, serving as a way of communication between different parts of the group of buildings, and sometimes as a place of exercise or study; often running round the open court of a quadrangle, with a plain wall on the one side, and a series of windows or an open colonnade on the other. (Often in pl.)
c1400Mandeville vi. (1839) 70 Under the cloystre of the Chirche. 1579Fulke Confut. Sanders 615 The cloyster or walking place of Alsoule Colledge in Oxenford. 1632Milton Penseroso 156 To walk the studious cloister's pale. a1672Wood Life (1848) 8 New Coll. schoole, situated between the west part of the chappell, and E. part of the cloyster. 1710Steele Tatler No. 167 ⁋1 To be interred..in the Cloysters near Westminster Abbey. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 292 The court-yard is surrounded with a cloister as it is in monasteries. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 261, I was loitering about the old gray cloisters of Westminster Abbey. a1839Praed Poems (1864) I. 299 Granta's quiet solitudes, her cloisters and her halls.
b. A similar walk or arcade in connexion with other buildings.
c1400Destr. Troy 684 Till he come thurghe a cloyster to a clene halle. 1615Crooke Body of Man 15 The pillars and arched Cloysters of that princely pallace. 1680Morden Geog. Rect. (1685) 197 One long Street, with narrow Porticoes, or Cloysters on both sides. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn) II. 127 [Wilton Hall] A quadrangle cloister full of antique and modern statuary.
4. attrib. and Comb., as cloister-bower, † cloister-brood, cloister-chapel, cloister-court, † cloister-creeper, cloister-life, cloister-man, cloister-monk, cloister-quadrangle, cloister-room; cloister-garth, the open court enclosed by a cloister; cloister-wise adv.
1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. (1857) 117 Friers and nunnes..the hypocrisie and uncleannesse of that *cloyster-broode.
1798W. Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon (1826) I. 56 To the *cloister-court in crowds tumultuous came.
1563J. Man Musculus' Commonpl. 41 a, Monkes, Friers, and other *Cloyster-crepers.
1850Parker Gloss. Archit. I. 135 The cloisters..are arranged round three or four sides of a quadrangular area, termed the *cloister garth.
c1449Pecock Repr. 537–8 Manye monkis han be take out of *cloister lyf to be bischopis.
1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 1169 False prechers and *Cloister men.
c1325Metr. Hom. 30 An *cloyster monk.
a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 71 'Twas *Cloister-wise contriv'd with Arches strong.
▪ II. cloister, v.|ˈklɔɪstə(r)|
For forms see prec.
[f. the n., or a. F. cloistrer (16th c. in Littré).]
1. trans. To shut up, enclose, or place in a cloister or monastic house.
1591Florio 2nd Fruites A iiij, This younger sister I thought to haue cloystred vp in some solitarynes. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. i. 23 High thee to France, And Cloyster thee in some Religious House. 1692Sir T. Blount Ess. 41 That little stock of learning..was cloyster'd up in Monasteries and Abbeys. a1714Sharp Serm. I. iii. (R.), Those that cloyster up themselves in a monastery. 1751G. Lavington Enthus. Methodists (1754) II. 144 She..no sooner was cloistered, but, etc.
2. To shut up in any seclusion or retirement.
1581Mulcaster Positions xli. (1887) 238 Studentes cloystured them selues together. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iv. xiii. (1715) 310 When at Home they were cloyster'd up. a1851D. Moir Poems, Field Pinkie ii, The blackbird, cloistered in the oak. 1854J. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. i. 34 [He] cloistered himself in his study.
†b. To shut up, enclose (things). Obs. rare.
1723J. Mackay Journ. Scotl., In the Library [of the College, Edinburgh] the books are cloistered with doors of wire. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. IV. 98.
3. fig. To confine, restrain within narrow limits.
1627F. E. Hist. Edw. II (1680) 89 The Cage of his restraint was..too weak to cloyster his Ambition. 1684Charnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 61 [The soul]..ashamed to be cloistered in it [the body]. 1812D'Israeli Calam. Auth. (L.), Antony had cloistered an athletic mind.
4. To furnish or surround (a place) with a cloister; to convert into a cloister or convent.
1625Bacon Ess. Building (Arb.) 552 Cloistered on all Sides, vpon Decent and Beautifull Arches. 1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. vii, Where, cloister'd round, the garden lay. 1863J. M. Ludlow Sisterhoods in Gd. Words 498 By Helyot's time several houses had become Cloistered.
Hence cloistering vbl. n.
1589Warner Alb. Eng. v. xxv. (R.), This cloystring and fat feeding of Religious is not old. 1706Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. II. iv. vii. 423 The Cloistring of Nuns. |