| 释义 |
▪ I. clone, n.|kləʊn|
Also clon.
[ad. Gr. κλών twig, slip.]
1. a. Bot. A group of cultivated plants the individuals of which are transplanted parts of one original stock, the propagation having been carried out by the use of grafts, cuttings, bulbs, etc. b. In wider use in Biol. Any group of cells or organisms produced asexually from a single sexually produced ancestor.
1903H. J. Webber in Science 16 Oct. 502/2 Clons..are groups of plants that are propagated by the use of any form of vegetative parts. 1905C. L. Pollard in Science 21 July 88/1, I therefore suggest clone (plural clones) as the correct form of the word. 1928Times 20 July 20/3 In a tapping test of buddings now being carried out by the institute, the highest-yielding clone has latex vessels of much smaller bore than the lowest-yielding clone. 1929Bibliographia Genetica V. 234 In Bacillus coli communis...a biotype was also found having lower motility than the remainder of the clone from which it came. 1935Economist 26 Jan. 212/2 Namoe Tongan Rubber Estates in Sumatra..have just been planted with selected high-yielding clones. 1958New Scientist 20 Feb. 13/1 Various techniques have been devised for producing these ‘clone cultures’ from single cells.
2. a. fig. A person or animal that develops from one somatic cell of its parent and is genetically identical to that parent. Also (colloq.), a person who imitates another, esp. slavishly (freq. with defining word, esp. a name).
1970A. Toffler Future Shock ix. 197 Those most likely to replicate themselves will be those who are most narcissistic, and..the clones they produce will also be narcissists. 1978D. M. Rorvik In His Image xxviii. 184 The uniqueness of each individual would thus always be preserved, even in a world of clones. 1978G. Vidal Kalki i. 20 My antennae had quickly picked up the message that Bruce Sapersteen was a clone of H. V. Weiss. 1979Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario) 13 Nov. 23/1 The 32-year-old is not one of a myriad of Elvis clones who came out of the woodwork when the King died two years ago. 1979R. Jaffe Class Reunion iii. iv. 245 If it were not for Richard's smile that flashed on the faces of her two oldest she would have thought she had created four clones. 1982Sci. Amer. May 112/1 Individual organisms that arise asexually from the somatic, or body, cells of the parent rather than from the specialized sexual cells are called clones. 1983Amer. Speech LVIII. i. 66 This ‘clone mentality’, as it is sometimes called, has come under increasing attack in the last several years from members of the gay community. 1983Observer 4 Sept. 7/5 Isn't he rather too much of a Benn clone? 1984Fair Lady (S. Afr.) 4 Apr. 31 Tamasyn Day Lewis..is a typical Sloane Ranger clone.
b. A thing produced in imitation of, or closely resembling, another; spec. a microcomputer designed to simulate the functions of another (usu. more expensive) model.
1980Peoria (Ill.) Jrnl. Star 2 Aug. (Weekender Sect.) 6/1 Television is indulging in its colossal clone complex... There will be more ‘Dallas’ ripoffs on the air than J. R. has enemies. 1982New Yorker 15 Feb. 9 You will not meet its [sc. a Jaguar car's] cousins and clones by the score in your country club parking lot. 1983Byte Feb. 430 You can tell a really successful product by how many ‘clones’ (imitations) exist for it{ddd}Apple Computers Inc. is trying to stop the importation and sale of a number of clones from the Far East. 1984Austral. Financial Rev. 9 Nov. 56/4 It turns out to be a far more interesting car to drive than its Japanese clones. 1985Which Computer? Apr. 47/2 If a company introduces an IBM clone this late in the game it clearly has to offer much more than IBM—for less. 1986What Micro? Apr. 91/3 Ruling out a modem simply because it is a clone and not the genuine thing could be a big mistake. 1986Marketing 11 Sept. 5/4 Amstrad [is] leading the cut price clones attacking IBM personal computers on price.
Hence ˈclonal a., of, belonging to, or having the characteristics of a clone; ˈclonally adv.
1903H. J. Webber in Science 16 Oct. 502/2 The differentiating clonal characters of chrysanthemums are mainly in the form and color of the flowers. 1946Nature 21 Sept. 422/2 Male-sterile lines have been propagated clonally. Ibid. 23 Nov. 762/2 The replacement of existing virus-infected, low-yielding clonal stocks of raspberries is a pressing necessity. 1968New Scientist 3 Oct. 11/1 Many people are worried by the ethical problems raised by the recent developments in genetics, opening up the possibilities of ‘clonal man’. 1970Nature 18 Apr. 280/1 Plasmodia derived from clonal crosses.
▪ II. clone, v.|kləʊn|
[f. the n.]
a. trans. To propagate or cause to reproduce so as to form a clone.
1959Nature 22 Aug. 648 (heading) A New Technique for Isolating and Cloning Cells of Higher Plants. 1959Genetics XLIV. 1259 A number of variants were obtained from two recently cloned lines of strain HeLa S3. 1968Observer (Colour Suppl.) 10 Mar. 9/1 One of the most extraordinary of the possibilities now being explored..is referred to as ‘cloning people’—the creation of genetically identical individuals from body cells.
b. (loosely) To propagate or reproduce (an identical individual) from a given original; to replicate (an existing individual). Chiefly fig.
1974Time (Canada ed.) 7 Jan. 58/3 In the end, he manages to win Miss Keaton and overthrow the Government by posing as a doctor engaged to clone a new head of state from the nose of the deceased one. 1978Dædalus Spring 35 At Caltech and the many other academic institutions, we have now, culturally, cloned Galileo a millionfold. 1979Globe & Mail (Toronto) 2 May 19/5 The band's key to success is its ability to take any number of recent styles and from them clone perfect rehashes of contemporary sounds, but that is also its artistic downfall. 1983Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Sept. 11/3 Dr. Habgood is..a worthy successor to Stuart Blanch. Of course his style will be different. We don't want to clone our archbishops.
So cloned ppl. a., produced by cloning; ˈcloning vbl. n.
1960Science 6 May 1377/1 This procedure should prove useful for the primary isolation, manipulation, and cloning of many different cell types. 1970Nature 19 Apr. 210/2 The Jockey Club was..understandably cool when asked to comment on the possibility of a dozen cloned Arkles thundering neck and neck round the course at Epsom. 1976Maclean's Mag. 19 Apr. 62/1 Media clonings—where real life becomes a book, then a film, and finally a musical comedy. 1978Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 21 Jan. 14/3 A cloned Glenn Gould might well sit at the piano gazing wistfully at the hockey game outside. 1981N.Y. Mag. 24 Aug. 10, I have seen the creeping growth of fashion boutiques and an uncontrolled cloning of antique shops. 1986City Limits 12 June 8 There is deep discontent among potential candidates as they're by-passed by a seemingly inexhaustible parade of cloned merchant bankers.
▸ trans. Molecular Biol. To make copies of (a DNA sequence or gene).
[1974Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 1747/2 The procedure reported here offers a general approach utilizing bacterial plasmids for the cloning of DNA molecules from various sources.] 1974Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 3459/1 ColE1 has been shown to serve as an effective molecular vehicle for cloning and amplifying specific regions of unrelated DNA. 1984Molecular & Gen. Genetics 196129 These results were confirmed by cloning the corresponding hemolysin determinant in the form of a recombinant plasmid. 1993D. Shay & J. Duncan Making of Jurassic Park p. ix, The research seems to echo Jurassic Park, the novel about scientists who bring dinosaurs back to life by cloning their DNA. 2000U.S. News & World Rep. 20 Mar. 52/2 With the biotech revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, scientists cloned the relevant gene and inserted that DNA into nonhuman cells.
▪ III. clone
obs. f. clean a. |